Effects of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in lung tissues of rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of Jiedu-Qingfei mixture on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-infected rat lung tissues and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank control group, model group, Jiedu-Qingfei group and positive control group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in experimental groups were slowly dripped with 1×10⁹ CFU/L MP solution into their nostrils for 4 d. One rat in each group was sacrificed for MP nucleic acid detection at the second day after inoculation, and the other rats were given gavage therapy. The rats in blank control group and model group were intragastrically given the same volume of normal saline, the rats in Jiedu-Qingfei group were given 8 mL/kg Jiedu-Qingfei mixture daily for 4 weeks, and the rats in psoitive control group were given dexmethasone sodium phosphate (0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). After the experiment, the rats were killed. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for detecting the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-13 and TNF-α by ELISA. The right lung tissues were used for pathological observation and HE staining, while the left lung tissues were used to detect the expression of NF-κB p50, I-κBα and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The results of MP nucleic acid detection showed that all the rats except blank control group were MP nucleic acid positive, indicating that the rat model of MP infection was successfully established. On the 1st day of the treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in model group and Jiedu-Qingfei group were significantly higher than those in blank control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the pathological scores of the lung tissues in mo-del group were significantly higher than those in blank control group and Jiedu-Qingfei group. The levels of IL-12 in the serum and BALF in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group after MP infection (P<0.05), while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly higher than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-13 and TNF-α in the serum and BALF of MP-infected rats were increased significantly, while those after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). After treatment, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in control group. After treatment, the mRNA expression of I-κBα in Jiedu-Qingfei group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK in the lung tissues of model group were significantly higher than those of blank control group. After treatment, the protein expression of NF-κB p50 and p38 MAPK was decreased significantly. The protein level of I-κBα in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and after treatment with Jiedu-Qingfei mixture, the protein expression level of I-κBα was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiedu-Qingfei mixture may attenuate lung tissue inflammation caused by MP through NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.     

Attributes of wheat cultivars for late autumn sowing in genes expression and field estimates

Due to the growing interest in Central and Eastern Europe on cropping of wheat in optional late autumn terms, called facultative, genetic research and field evaluation were taken on four spring cultivars: Tybalt (NL), Monsun (DE), Ostka Smolicka (PL) and Bombona (PL), currently being recommended by breeders. The PPD gene analyze, expression level of dehydrine genes (WCS120 and WDHN13) in cooling test, and qPCR for RNA isolation and analyses of WCS120 and WDHN13 gene expression at the BBCH12 stage of wheat were estimated. Molecular analysis of PPD-D1 gene confirmed the presence of photoperiod sensitive allele ppd-D1b in all tested genotypes. The highest level of NRE WCS120 gene was detected in cultivars Tybalt and Bombona. Two-year field experimental study assessed the growth, development and productivity of facultative and spring crops of studied cultivars. Based on our results from field experiments and result of molecular analysis of alleles of PPD-D1 gene, the tested genotypes can be considered as potentially facultative genotypes.     

Cell direct reprogramming：a new technique for treating diabetes

Diabetes is characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency in β-cell mass, which cannot be reversed with existing therapeutic strategies. The restoration of the endogenous islet β-cells can stabilize the level of blood glucose. The islet β-cells can be obtained from the directional differentiation of stem cells, but the process is complex and has the risk of teratomas generation. Cell direct reprogramming, one terminal differentiated cell can transdifferentiate into another kind of terminal differentiated cell, which is other than directional differentiation from stem cells. Direct reprogramming gives rise to the generation of islet β-cells from one terminal differentiated cell, may be preferable for diabetes therapy because of its unique advantage.     

小麦矮缩病毒引起的植株矮化与赤霉素代谢的相关性分析

【目的】由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus)传播的小麦矮缩病毒病是近年来中国西北部麦区严重发生的小麦病毒病害之一。受侵染的小麦植株严重矮化,有效分蘖减少,产量损失严重。论文旨在明确小麦矮缩病毒(Wheat dwarf virus,WDV)侵染小麦植株后矮化症状形成与赤霉素代谢调控的关系,为该病害的防治打下基础。【方法】以小麦品种扬麦12为试验材料,以异沙叶蝉为传毒介体饲毒后转移到1叶期的健康幼苗(3头/株)上进行传毒,同时以无毒异沙叶蝉取食健康幼苗为对照。根据试验需要,不同时间取样备用。为保证试验的准确性,经PCR检测为阳性的作为处理组试验材料;采用间接酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法,利用植物赤霉素(GA3)试剂盒测定分析侵染第21天取样的小麦叶片赤霉素含量;将带毒条沙叶蝉接种的小麦苗分为两个平行处理组,接种后第7天分别用GA3(浓度为50 mg·L-1)和H2O进行叶面喷施处理,每隔一周处理一次。以无毒叶蝉接种后长势一致的小麦苗作为对照组,根据株高统计结果分析外施赤霉素对受侵染小麦植株的表型变化;以山羊草(Aegilops tauschii)的内根-贝壳杉烯合成酶(ent-kaurene synthase-like 3,KSL3)的基因编码区序列为参考基因设计引物(KSL3-F:5′-ATGATGGTGAATCCGCCGC-3′;KSL3-R:5′-TTAATGGTTGATCTTTGTTT-3′),对扬麦12的KSL3进行克隆和序列分析;分别取接种后7、14和21 d的小麦植株叶片,提取RNA后反转录,以克隆得到的Ta KSL3基因序列设计引物(Ta KSL3-F:5′-GAGACATGTGCCATGGCGTTC-3′;Ta KSL3-R:5′-CGTGTCACTCAGATCGGTGGAG-3′),选择小麦翻译延伸因子1A(EF-1α)作为内参基因,利用荧光定量PCR方法分析赤霉素代谢相关基因的转录水平。【结果】经ELISA检测发现,接种21 d的发病植株赤霉素含量与健康植株相比降低了28.9%;通过施用浓度为50 mg·L-1的赤霉素后,发病植株的平均株高相比对照组显著增加35.9%;采用同源克隆得到了完整的小麦赤霉素合成途径关键酶KSL3的编码区序列,长度为1 827 bp,编码608个氨基酸,BLAST比对分析发现该DNA序列与山羊草KSL3编码区序列相似度为85.2%。经荧光定量检测发现受小麦矮缩病毒侵染后小麦KSL3表达量显著下降,接种14 d降低为对照组的35.7%,21 d降低为对照组的9.6%。【结论】小麦矮缩病毒的侵染导致赤霉素合成途径关键酶的表达量降低,可能使赤霉素合成受阻,赤霉素含量降低引发受赤霉素调节的细胞生物学过程异常,从而诱导矮化症状形成。研究结果为揭示小麦矮缩病毒侵染的致病机理和病害防控打下了基础。     

中职学校德育课课程改革初探

随着新一轮的中职学校德育课课程改革的深入开展和中职学生主体意识的增强,传统的德育课教学有许多方面需要进一步改进和完善.在中职学校德育课教学中实施高效良性的师生互动,能提高德育课的教学实效和学生的思想道德素质,为学生职业生涯发展奠定基础.     

普通小麦春化基因VRN1 RNA干扰载体构建及转基因小麦获得

为进一步探究春化基因VRN1在小麦发育进程中的功能,利用荧光定量PCR分析了VRN1基因在不同发育特性小麦品种新春2号、京841中的表达情况。结果表明,随着生育进程的推进,VRN1基因在新春2号叶片和茎尖中表达量均呈上升趋势,VRN1基因在京841叶片中呈波动上升趋势,在茎尖中表达量趋于0;以p FGC5941载体为基础构建含有VRN1反向重复序列的RNA干扰载体,利用农杆菌介导的茎尖转化法转化新春2号获得了再生植株,并通过PCR法检测获得了转基因阳性植株,为从分子水平上实现小麦发育特性遗传改良和创育小麦新种质奠定了基础。     

厚皮甜瓜新品种红宝玉的选育

红宝玉是以10R15 为母本、10R8 为父本选育而成的中熟厚皮甜瓜一代杂种。植株长势稳健，抗病抗逆性强。全生育期95～110 d（天），果实发育期30～35 d（天）。果实短椭圆形，成熟后果面乳白色，单果质量约1.5 kg，果肉橘红色，肉厚3.5～4.0 cm，腔小不发酵，中心可溶性固形物含量17.5%，肉质紧脆，不脱蒂，耐贮耐运。平均每667 m²产量3 600 kg 左右。适宜在山东、河北、陕西、安徽等地春季保护地设施栽培。     

食用型紫心甘薯新品种湘紫薯174 的选育

湘紫薯174 是以浙紫薯1 号为母本、浙紫薯3 号为父本杂交选育而成的食用型紫心甘薯新品种，薯块纺锤形，薯皮 紫红色，薯肉紫色，结薯较集中整齐，单株结薯4～5 个，大中薯率82.7% 以上，熟食味好，抗黑斑病，中抗根腐病、茎线 虫病和薯瘟病；每667 m² 鲜薯产量1 913～2 359 kg，薯干产量549～736 kg；花青素含量为714.5 mg · kg^-1（FW）。适宜在湖 南、湖北、江西、江苏、浙江等地春夏薯区种植。     

Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in skins and pulps of eleven grape cultivars(Vitis vinifera L.)

Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxidant activities than bound. In 11 cultivars, Muscat Kyoho extracts had the highest total phenolic content in skins(10.525 mg GAE g~(–1) FW) and pulps(1.134 mg GAE g~(–1) FW), and exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavening capacity(EC_(50)=11.7 μg mL~(–1)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) value(190.57 μmol TE g~(–1) FW) of free phenolic in skin. In addition, the most abundant phenolics in grape skins were found to be flavonoids such as kaempferol in Kyoho skin(541.2 μg g~(–1) FW), rutin, catechin and epicatechin in Muscat Kyoho skin(262.3, 86.3 and 70.0 μg g~(–1) FW, respectively). Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed a strong difference of phenolic profiles with the cultivars, existing forms and distributions. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity(P0.05). Therefore, both skins and pulps were rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, and Muscat Kyoho was the ideal source among all samples.     

质核互作型不育系阜CMS5A大豆的选育及应用

阐述了质核互作型不育系阜CMS5A大豆的选育经过,总结了其特征特性,并分析了其应用成效,以供参考。