H7N9亚型禽流感对辽宁省畜牧业的影响及其对策

禽流感已成为国际上广泛关注的公共卫生事件,因此,加强对流感状况的认识和了解将有助于人们有效地防控流感。本文对禽流感病毒的流行现状及对辽宁省畜牧业的影响进行综述,旨在为有效防制禽流感提供理论依据。     

Novel human H7N9 influenza virus in China

Outbreaks of H7N9 avian influenza in humans in 5 provinces and 2 municipalities of China have reawakened concern that avian influenza viruses may again cross species barriers to infect the human population and thereby initiate a new influenza pandemic. Evolutionary analysis shows that human H7N9 influenza viruses originated from the H9N2, H7N3 and H11N9 avian viruses, and that it is as a novel reassortment influenza virus. This article reviews current knowledge on 11 subtypes of influenza A virus from human which can cause human infections.     

Effects of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Diets were formulated to contain 40% crude protein from solvent-extracted menhaden fish meal and 0, 7, 14 or 21% lipid from menhaden fish oil. The basal diet, without supplemental fish oil, contained lipid at 0.4% of dry weight. The diets were fed to groups of 25 juvenile red drum initially averaging 7.3 ± 0.18 g fish^–1 in a recirculating culture system for 8 weeks and weight gain was recorded. After an additional 8 weeks, 16 fish from each treatment were sacrificed and the following measurements were recorded: hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, and liver -tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and cytochrome P-4501A activity (measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity). The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and concentrations of -tocopherol also were measured in plasma.Weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary lipid concentration, with values ranging from 361% of initial weight for fish fed the basal diet to 527% of initial weight for fish fed the diet containing 7% lipid. The HSI and IPF ratio values also were significantly affected by lipid with the lowest values recorded for fish fed the basal diet and the highest values observed in fish fed the diet containing 21% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid significantly increased oxidative stress as reflected in reduced -tocopherol in liver and plasma and increased MDA formation in the liver, although no overt pathological signs were observed. These findings suggest that lipid concentrations between 7 and 14%, when the diet contains 60 IU vitamin E kg^–1, are likely to limit oxidative stress and result in normal physiological responses of red drum.     

Characterization of an Alginate Lyase,FlAlyA, from Flavobacterium sp. Strain UMI-01 and Its Expression in Escherichia coli

A major alginate lyase, FlAlyA, was purified from the periplasmic fraction of an alginate-assimilating bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. strain UMI-01. FlAlyA showed a single band of ~30 kDa on SDS-PAGE and exhibited the optimal temperature and pH at 55 °C and pH 7.7, respectively. Analyses for substrate preference and reaction products indicated that FlAlyA was an endolytic poly(mannuronate) lyase (EC 4.2.2.3). A gene fragment encoding the amino-acid sequence of 288 residues for FlAlyA was amplified by inverse PCR. The N-terminal region of 21 residues except for the initiation Met in the deduced sequence was predicted as the signal peptide and the following region of six residues was regarded as propeptide, while the C-terminal region of 260 residues was regarded as the polysaccharide-lyase-family-7-type catalytic domain. The entire coding region for FlAlyA was subjected to the pCold I—Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expression system and ~eight times higher yield of recombinant FlAlyA (recFlAlyA) than that of native FlAlyA was achieved. The recFlAlyA recovered in the periplasmic fraction of E. coli had lost the signal peptide region along with the N-terminal 3 residues of propeptide region. This suggested that the signal peptide of FlAlyA could function in part in E. coli.     

国审旱地小麦品种洛旱6号和洛旱7号需水特性研究

[目的]为了研究旱地小麦（Triticum aestivum Linn.）品种的需水特性,并合理安排其种植区域.[方法]小麦品种分别为洛旱6号、洛旱7号、晋麦47.3个灌水处理分别为不灌水（0水）、灌1水（1水）和灌2水（2水）.灌1水在越冬期灌越冬水,灌2水在越冬期与返青期灌水.灌水量均为900 m3/hm2.[结果]洛旱6号、洛旱7号实现了高产和抗旱的统一,同时具有较高的水分利用效率.在灌2水和不灌水条件下,洛旱6号的水分利用效率最高,在灌1水的条件下洛旱7号水分利用效率最高;洛旱6号适宜旱肥地麦田种植;洛旱7号适宜在扩灌区种植;晋麦47适宜旱薄地麦田种植.[结论]该研究可为小麦高效利用水资源、品种合理布局及高产高效生产提供科学依据.     

嗑食型向日葵品种晋葵7号的选育及良种繁育技术

山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所于1997～2004年以汾阳农家品种"早葵"为原群体,采用"半分法"育成早熟的、大粒嗑食型向日葵常规品种"晋葵7号",2005年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2007年获山西省科技进步二等奖。该品种产量性状优良、抗逆性强、商品性好,生育日数90～95 d,适宜有效积温大于2 100℃的半干旱地区种植。该品种的繁种田应设置在未感染向日葵列当的区域,同时要严格隔离,隔离距离为2 000 m。     

水动冷却塔直驱混流式水轮机转轮数值模拟优化

针对比转数仅有54的水动冷却塔直驱混流式水轮机,选取影响水轮机转轮效率的6个重要水力参数β1,β2,b0/D1,Φ/D1,Z,a/D1,每个因素取2个水平,设计L8（2^7）正交表,生成8个设计方案.通过CFD软件分别对8个方案的水轮机进行全流道数值模拟,采用理论分析和CFD技术分析转轮水力损失特性,对比其结果、优化转轮参数,再将优化后方案进行数值模拟和外特性试验,对比得到的结果,表明使用正交化方法结合CFD技术可在较少的试验方案下有效地改进水轮机叶轮水力性能,达到水轮机优化设计的目的.在设计流量点Q为5 000 t/h处,优化后的模型转轮输出功率为156.57 kW,水轮机效率达到86.51%;数值模拟效率比试验效率低0.11%,实测结果的基本趋势与数值模拟结果相一致.     

PC12细胞诱导的神经缺血细胞Smad7-siRNA及沉默效果的检测

目的探讨诱导PC12细胞分化的神经细胞靶向沉默Smad7基因特性,同时进行沉默效果检测．方法以Smad7基因为靶目标,设计合成3条siRNA序列,进行细胞转染,利用Rea1time—PCR和Westernblot技术检测沉默效果,筛选出最有效的干扰序列,同时检测出最佳的转染浓度和转染时间．结果针对Smad7基因设计合成及筛选出靶向沉默Smad7基因的干扰序列（siRNA1）;siRNA1的最佳转染浓度是4μg／mL;siRNA1的最佳转染时间是24h;siRNA1对Smad7的抑制效果优于其他干扰序列．结论siRNA1能有效沉默Smad7基因;lipofecta—mineTM2000可成功将siRNA1转染至神经细胞,转染效率较高;利用siRNA技术能有效抑制神经细胞．     

2013 年广东水禽产业发展形势与对策建议

2012 年,广东水禽养殖仍主要集中在珠三角地区（鸭46.2%、鹅51.5%,略低于2011 年比例）,但呈现出 西迁的趋势,茂名鸭饲养量赶超广州跃居全省第员位。全省采取多种措施积极应对H7N9 流感等事件,但仍未能改变 水禽产品价格下降的趋势。为推动广东水禽业进一步发展,重点做好以下工作;（1）加大政府对水禽业的监控力度和 扶持,建设水禽生产信息体系;（2）探索水禽业补贴机制,推广水禽生产保险、风险基金和收储制度;（3）推广生态养 殖模式,推动水禽养殖向现代生产方式转型升级;（4）改变活禽交易销售模式,加快冷链物流设施建设,鼓励冰鲜禽 肉消费;（5）加强水禽及其关联产业的经济学研究。     

西宁地区智能温室“宁杞7号”硬枝扦插技术研究

本文采用不同扦插基质、不同植物生长调节剂及同一植物生长调节剂-ABT的不同浸泡时间,观察宁杞7号硬枝扦插成活率的影响,结果表明以上层东北泥炭+下层净河沙=2∶1的扦插基质生根效果最好,成活率达86.7%。在不同植物生长调节剂与浸泡时间对插穗生根效果的影响中,以ABT生根粉生根效果较好,浸泡时间宜采用4-5h,成活率分别达88.3%和81.7%。