海堤边坡立地条件综合分析

对海堤边坡水分、盐分以及大气等立地因子的综合研究进行分析,结果表明,海堤边坡土壤属于中度到强度盐渍化土,土壤含水率季节变化大,表层土壤脱盐明显,边坡土壤盐渍化程度低于海堤内侧青坎土壤,有别于一般意义上的滨海盐渍土,其中海雾、海风也是海堤立地条件中非常重要的因子。     

A collaborative approach to investigate site fidelity, home range, and homing behavior of cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus)

Understanding the area use requirements of species targeted for protection by marine protected areas (MPAs) is critical to the future conservation efforts of economically important fish species. Knowledge of home range size and site fidelity is essential in determining whether species will benefit from the protection offered by a MPA, the size of the area needed to protect individuals, and the extent to which surrounding unprotected areas may be supplemented through post-recruitment movement or “spillover”. We utilized a traditional mark and recapture approach, along with GIS spatial analysis to investigate the site fidelity, home range, and homing behavior of the economically important fish species cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus) on the south central coast of California. In collaboration with members of the commercial live-fish fishery, a total of 1240 sub-adult and adult cabezon were tagged during 10 days of fishing from September to December of 2004 along ∼18 km of coastline. A public awareness and reward program resulted in 330 total recaptures from 290 different individuals (23% recapture rate) with recaptured individuals at liberty up to 1000 days after initial tagging. A majority of individuals displayed high site fidelity, with 81% of recapture events occurring within 100 m of their initial capture locations, and only 9 individuals (.03%) recaptured greater than 1 km. Most individuals (64%) displayed home ranges less than 1000 m². Ten individuals recaptured after experiencing translocation of up to 5.3 km displayed strong homing behavior, returning to within 14 m of their initial capture locations. Findings suggest that under circumstances where suitable habitat is available in nearby unprotected areas, that adult “spillover” will likely be limited to areas within 100 m from MPA boundaries. In addition, the size of the area needed to protect individual cabezon, should be at least 1000 m². Findings from this study demonstrate many of the potential benefits of scientists and fishers working together to investigate area use patterns of economically important fish species to facilitate future design and assessment of MPAs.     

地平线上的灵动——浅谈凯瑟琳·古斯塔夫森的水景设计手法

水景作为设计中的重要元素之一,在美国风景园林师凯瑟琳·古斯塔夫森的手中,变得独具魅力和灵动。在她的作品中,无处不体现着对于水元素的独具匠心的应用。它变无形于有形,既能够塑造雕塑化的景观,又能够与地坪天空融为一体,通过对水元素的设计来不仅仅展示动人的景观,更能够成为场所精神故事的载体。本文针对凯瑟琳·古斯塔夫森的水景设计手法进行研究和分析。给现代园林设计提供一点借鉴意义。     

Site index models for Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey

Stem analysis data of 432 trees were obtained from even-aged, pure natural stands of Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Eight dynamic site equations derived with the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) were compared, based on autoregressive analysis and a thorough evaluation of the goodness of fit. We used generalized nonlinear least squares methods for model fitting. The adjusted coefficients of determination (0.9825–0.9842), root-mean-square errors (0.8004–0.8435 m), and Akaike’s information criterion differences (0–145) indicated a good fit of the eight site index equations. The Hossfeld equation (M3) provided the best result. The Durbin-Watson test statistic did not reveal an autocorrelation issue while the Hossfeld equation provided a satisfactory solution to the serial correlation problem in stem analysis data as time series using autoregressive modeling. This study presents new site index models for Calabrian pine forests in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey where it is the most important commercial tree species. The site index equation, based on the Hossfeld model is recommended for height growth prediction and site classification of Calabrian pine stands in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey, providing a new basis for growth prediction and yield estimation in these important forest ecosystems.     

沼气原料收储运体系优化研究进展及其影响因素分析

结合调研结果分析了当前我国沼气与生物天然气产业发展的困境,建议构建并优化沼气与生物天然气产业的原料收储运体系,并对其中涉及的站点选址布局和运输路径的优化问题的国内外研究进展进行概述分析,提出原料收储运体系的优化思路,并分析了原料可供给性的影响因素。     

不同坡位桉树人工林生长和土壤理化性质比较

[目的]了解不同立地条件下桉树人工林木生长和林地土壤肥力的差异。[方法]以2年生桉树人工林为研究对象,对不同坡位桉树林木生长和土壤物理性质、化学性质进行了分析比较。[结果]桉树人工林林下土壤普遍呈酸性,表层土壤酸性强于深层土壤;随着坡位的降低,林木生长状况和土壤理化性质逐渐好转,呈正相关趋势,同一坡位表层土壤肥力状况优于深层土壤。整体来看,造林地土壤肥力处于偏低水平,氮、磷缺乏严重。[结论]今后在营建桉树人工林时,优先选择山坡中、下部立地条件较好的造林地造林,对于山坡上部土壤养分较缺乏的地块,造林后应加大施肥量,适当补充微量元素,以保证林木的正常生长发育。     

安徽省保健食品生产许可现场检查情况分析

研究安徽省近年来保健食品生产许可现场检查情况,为检查员开展许可检查、食品药品监管部门进行日常监管及保健食品生产企业加强质量管理提供参考。以2014—2016年75份安徽省保健食品许可检查结果为研究对象,采用计量学方法对其进行分类统计分析。结果表明:生产过程缺陷项目共有291次,设计与设施缺陷项目共有199次,品质管理缺陷项目共有157次,原料缺陷项目共有148次,人员管理、卫生管理、储存与运输缺陷项目共有120次。保健食品产品总体上技术水平不高,生产企业质量管理水平不高,许可检查总体通过率较低,但呈现逐年上升趋势。建议企业加强生产质量管理,监管部门加强监管,检查员提升现场检查水平。     

裸燕麦区域试验中地点鉴别力和育成品种稳产性分析

为提高区域试验品种鉴定的准确性和效率以及了解当前燕麦育成品种的稳产性,利用AMMI模型对2006-2008年全国区域试验中裸燕麦的产量数据进行了地点鉴别力和品种稳产性分析.结果表明,吉林白城、内蒙古武川、四川昭觉试点鉴别力较高,山西五寨、甘肃会宁、山西右玉试点鉴别力较低.白燕2号、坝莜10号、9314-122品种稳产性较好,8652-3、S016、保罗品种稳产性较差.     

Effects of granivorous rodents on direct seeding of oak and beech in relation to site preparation and sowing date

Planting bare-rooted seedlings is a rather expensive method to regenerate oak (Quercus robur) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). Direct seeding could reduce artificial regeneration costs substantially, but the method currently suffers from a number of problems, one of which is seed consumption by rodents. In the present study clear-cut areas in southern Sweden were prepared using one of four different mechanical site preparation methods – disc trenching, patch scarification, topsoil removal or mounding – then manually sown with acorns and beech nuts. Acorns were sown in May and July 2006, and both acorns and beech nuts were sown in May 2007. Three years following sowing, best seedling establishment from viable acorns, 60–70%, was achieved after sowing in mounds in May, and the subsequent survival reached 90–100%. After the first growing season for beech, both seedling establishment and subsequent survival was lower than for oak, which coincides with a higher number of lost beech nuts at the excavation to investigate the fate of seeds. Granivorous rodents (Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, Mus musculus, and Myodes glareolus) were live-trapped more frequently in the vicinity of slash piles compared to other micro-site features, such as uprooted stumps, snags and stones. In 2006, no connection was found between number of rodents captured and proportion of lost seeds, while in 2007 the two were in good accordance. No clear relationship was found between number of captured rodents, vegetation cover class and mechanical site preparation method. More rodents were captured in 2007 than in 2006, and there was an increase in captures from spring until late summer/autumn for both years, which was mirrored in the seedling establishment result from the three different times of sowing. Based on experiences from the present study the recommendation for successful direct seeding of oak on clear-cuts is a combination of mounding site preparation, removal of slash and sowing in May rather than July. However, the results indicate that successful direct seeding of beech is more difficult to achieve.     

Ericaceous shrubs affect black spruce physiology independently from inherent site fertility

Vegetative layering of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) is the principal mode of regeneration for over mature, uneven-aged stands subject to long fire cycles (>300 years) in northeastern Québec, Canada. However, growth response of black spruce layers following disturbance by fire or harvest can be slow, due to a lag of morphological acclimation and potential nutrient limitation. This phenomenon can be accentuated if black spruce is associated with ericaceous shrubs such as Kalmia angustifolia and Rhododendron groenlandicum, which are known to interfere with conifer growth through direct and indirect competition. Such interactions can result in productive stands being converted to unproductive heathlands. It is not known whether these effects of ericaceous shrubs on black spruce are accentuated on low fertility sites, or if the impacts are independent of inherent site fertility. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of ericaceous shrubs on both resource availability and on functional traits of black spruce advance regeneration across a gradient of site fertility (as defined by a site classification system). We monitored black spruce advanced regeneration physiology and soil nutrient availability over two growing seasons on a gradient of ecological site types in northeastern Québec (Canada). The eradication of competing vegetation favored higher soil NH₄-N and K availability, with increases of 67% and 28% compared to control conditions, respectively. Black spruce photosynthesis rate (A) and foliar K content were higher in plots where vegetation was eradicated, compared to the control plots, but did not vary among ecological site types. Photosynthesis did not appear to be limited by nitrogen or water relations, but was possibly limited by a deficit of foliar K⁺, probably resulting from reduced availability following sequestration by the ericaceous root systems. The absence of interaction between inherent site fertility and the eradication of ericaceous shrubs suggests that vegetation management of ericaceous shrubs must be planned independently from the ecological site type.