Simple sequence repeats marker polymorphism in emmer wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum dicoccon</Emphasis> Schrank): Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation

Genetic diversity was investigated in 73 accessions of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) from 11 geographical regions using a set of 29 simple-sequence repeat (SSR or microsatellite) markers, representing at least two markers for each chromosome. The SSR primers amplified a total of 357 different alleles with an average of 12.31 alleles per locus. The number of fragments detected by each primer ranged between 6 (Xgwm1066) and 21 (Xgwm268). Null alleles were detected in nine of the 29 primers used. A high level of gene diversity index was observed. Across the 29 primers, gene diversity ranged from 0.60 (Xgwm46) to 0.94 (Xgwm655), with a mean of 0.82. There was a highly significant correlation (r=0.882; p<0.01) between gene diversity index and the number of loci, showing the number of loci per se is a strong indicator of diversity. Analysis of genetic diversity within and among eleven geographical regions revealed most of the genetic diversity of the total sample resided within regions. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.27) showed that the genetic variation within and among the 11 geographical regions was 73 and 27%, respectively. High value of mean number of alleles per locus was found in Iran (4.86) followed by Morocco (4.10) and Armenia (4.03). On the contrary, lower mean number of alleles per locus was detected in Yemen (2.83). The average gene diversity index across regions ranged from 0.52 (Slovakia) to 0.67 (Morocco) with an average of 0.60. Multivariate techniques of principal component analysis and clustering were employed to examine genetic relationship among the 73 emmer wheat accessions vis-à-vis geographical regions of collections. The genetic distance coefficients for all possible 55 pairs of regional comparisons ranged from 0.63 (between Iran and Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, Georgia and Slovakia) to 0.97 (between Morocco and Yemen, Spain and Georgia, and Turkey and Iran) with a mean of 0.82. From the PCA results, a two dimensional plot of PC1 versus PC2 was constructed. The scatter plot of the first two principal components which explained altogether 27% of the total variation depicted the presence of a clear pattern of geographical differentiation except in few cases like accessions from Caucasian region. Similar pattern of genetic relationships among accessions was observed in cluster analysis. The study provided genetic information of emmer wheat in relation to geographical regions of origin. The information could be utilized in crop improvement, germplasm conservation programs, and in further investigation.     

山东半岛典型流域果园与旱地景观结构分析

以烟台市土地利用现状图和2002年9月9日的ETM影像为信息源,结合地面考察,在3S技术的支持下,选取景观百分比、斑块密度、周长-面积分维数和斑块凝聚度,对烟台市16个典型流域的果园与旱地景观结构进行了分析。结果表明,果园在各流域中的面积比重较小,旱地面积占绝对优势;但果园斑块数量多。对各种景观指数比较表明,旱地的平均景观百分比明显高于果园景观,果园景观的平均、最大及最小斑块密度均明显高于旱地景观,两种景观的周长-面积分维数相差不大但斑块凝聚度的差异显著。     

山东省苹果园土壤有机质及养分状况研究

通过大量田间采样分析了山东省三种主要土壤类型苹果园土壤的有效养分状况及其分布特点 ,结果表明 :三种土壤类型果园土中有效养分含量差异较大 ,棕壤富磷贫钾 ,潮土富钾贫磷 ,褐土介于二者之间 .不同土层间有效养分含量有较大差异 ,表层土 (0～ 2 0cm)含量最高 ,底层土 (4 0～ 60cm)含量最低 ;丰产园三土层间有效养分含量差异较少 ,低产园差异较大 ;丰产果园三土层氮磷钾比例的平均值为 :0～2 0cm1∶0 .53∶1 .59;2 0～ 4 0cm为 1∶0 .53∶1 .69;4 0～ 60cm为 1∶0 .51∶1 .72 .与 1 0年前相比 ,果园土壤有机质含量降低 ,有效氮磷钾含量增加 ,其中磷钾增幅较大 .     

鲁中水土保持生态修复区种子植物区系特征

 为鲁中石质山地水土保持生态修复过程中适宜植物种类的选择、保护与合理经营提供理论依据,对淄川峨庄水土保持生态修复区内植物区系组成和地理成分进行分析。结果表明:1)该植物区系内共有种子植物271种,隶属于61科157属,分别占我国种子植物区系科、属、种的17.28%、4.90%和0.998%,其中单种科和极小科（含29种）所含的种数占总种数的91.6%,单种属和含2～4种的属有161个,占总属数的96.18%,可以看出该研究区内植物科和属的分布是比较均匀和丰富的;2)该区植物区系温带成分,特别是北温带成分具有明显优势,热带性质属在该区系中占有较大的比例,说明该地区植物区系与热带植物区系有较密切渊源,并具有一定的亚热带热带区系的过渡性;3)该区植物区系的特有性较低。     

Intra- and interpopulation diversity for HMW glutenin subunits in Spanish spelt wheat

The diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in spelt wheat, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, was studied electrophoretically in 333 accessions grouped in 50 populations originally collected from Asturias, North of Spain, in 1939. The inter- and intra-population distribution of HMW glutenin alleles at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci were investigated. The results show that the genetic variation in HMW glutenin subunits is mainly present within populations, being the variation between populations only 21%. The materials analysed showed a wide polymorphism for the HMW glutenin subunits, although some allelic variants were clearly dominant. This suggests the possibility of a loss of variability before the collection that could have increased with the subsequent reduction of the cultivation area of this species in this Spanish region.     

农村种养大户融资问题研究——基于江苏淮安与山东淄博的调研

种养大户融资难问题成为制约其发展的关键因素,促进种养大户的进一步发展必须要满足其融资需求.该研究根据对江苏淮安70户种养大户和山东淄博60户种养大户的调研数据,采用有序Probit模型对两地种养大户融资困难影响因素进行实证对比分析,呈现出种养大户融资现状差异.从种养大户角度探索大户如何规范经营,增强自身的融资能力;从金融机构角度探索如何更好地为种养大户提供金融支持,解决大户的融资困境;从政府角度探讨怎样有效扶持种养大户的发展,引导金融机构加大对大户的支持,进而为农村种养大户的发展注入活力,促进农村经济的发展.     

山东极端强降水环境参数特征分析

利用常规天气资料、常规探空资料对山东地区2003~2012年共11次极端强降水过程的环境参数特征进行了分析,结果表明:500 h Pa以下含有丰富的水汽,地面、850 h Pa、700 h Pa和500 h Pa露点温度分别达到23、17、8和-7℃以上,温度露点差基本上在3℃以内;大气处于不稳定状态,K指数≥37℃,总指数TT≥41℃,抬升指数LI0℃;大气具有一定的能量积累,CAPE≥500 J/kg;0℃层高度都在5000 m以上;反射率因子高值区基本上处于6 km以下;低层有明显的西南急流。     

山东省鼠李属植物的研究

本文研究了山东省李属植物的分类与分布，确认本省共有１２种１变种，其中１种为新记录。文中编制了分种检索表，并列出了文献及标本引证，分析了区系成分。这对于指导本省鼠李属植物的分类鉴定和资源利用具有重要意义。     

山东省苹果园肥料施用现状调查分析

对山东省胶东半岛、鲁中南地区和黄河故道地区苹果主产区的肥料施用现状以及其它管理措施状况进行了调查。结果表明,山东苹果生产中存在很多问题,如农户经营规模较小,果园立地条件差,苹果品种组成过于单一,果园有机肥投入不足等。山东不同苹果产区的区域间氮、磷、钾肥施用存在较大差异,针对山东省苹果施肥现状提出了合理施肥建议。     

山东省村级文化建设的调查与分析

笔者对山东省村级文化建设进行了调查,结果显示目前山东省村级文化建设主要存在的问题有:文化基础设施建设依然较薄弱,地区间的文化建设及活动呈现出不均衡的发展,农民的文化需求意识比较强烈但文化实践活动缺乏,公共文化服务供给表现出较大的随意性。在分析这些问题的基础上,提出政府需加强偏远乡村的文化建设活动,注重本地各种文化资源的开发,并动员更多民众参与到文化活动中的建议。