First-year growth response of cold-stored,nursery-grown aspen planting stock

This research examined the first year growth characteristics of cold stored and transplanted nursery-produced aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings (container and bareroot (BR)) and compared it to the growth of seedlings that had not been transplanted (established from germinants in the field) and therefore had an unrestricted root system (UR). Prior to planting, nursery-produced seedlings were placed in cold storage (−3°C) and root growth potential (RGP) and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) root reserves were tested at 0, 10, 75 and after 150 (container) and 190 days (BR) of storage. Both container and BR stock had much lower root to shoot ratios (RSRs) and root carbohydrate reserves compared to UR seedlings after 170 days. During storage, root reserves in container stock declined faster than in the BR and UR seedlings. RGP in all nursery stock was the highest after 75 days of storage, while longer storage resulted in shoot dieback and reduced root growth. After the first growing season, UR seedlings were one tenth the size of the nursery stock; however, in the second growing season they had no stem dieback and grew twice the height and stem diameter. The higher RSRs and root reserves in the UR seedlings was likely caused by early bud set in its first year of growth. This suggests that inducing bud set earlier in the growing regime might allow seedlings to increase root mass and carbohydrate reserves.     

Organic Matter Added to Bareroot Nursery Beds Influences Soil Properties and Morphology of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Quercus rubra Seedlings

Bareroot hardwood seedling production involves intensive soil management. To increase soil organic matter (OM), nurseries commonly grow a cover crop for 1 year after every 1–2 year of seedling production. Raising soil OM levels can also be achieved through addition of soil amendments. We studied the influence of chicken manure (CM) and composted leaf, tree, and lawn trimmings (Cp) on soil properties and morphology of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. CM was applied at 725, 1450, or 2900 kg ha⁻¹ (CM725, CM1450, and CM2900, respectively) and Cp was applied at 200 m³ ha⁻¹. Addition of CM and Cp significantly raised soil OM levels and altered soil chemical properties compared to the control (Ctrl). Root-collar diameter increased with addition of CM1450, CM2900, or Cp compared to CM725 or Ctrl plots for northern red oak, but was largest in soils amended with CM2900 for green ash. Conversely, height was greatest with addition of CM725 for northern red oak, but green ash seedlings were shorter in Ctrl plots than in all amendments except for CM725. Root volume of green ash and northern red oak seedlings was positively influenced by addition of CM or Cp. Seedling responses to nursery soil amendments vary with different forms and amounts of OM. Benefits to seedling growth through application of appropriate materials in the proper balance can improve seedling morphological quality and positively influence soil chemical properties.     

Field performance of silver-birch planting-stock grown at different spacing and in containers of different volume

Silver birch seedlings were grown in two types of trays differing incell volume. For each kind of tray, three different spacings were achieved bygrowing seedlings in all, half or one quarter of the cells. The planting-stockso produced was out-planted at two forest sites and growth followed for fiveyears. Container size had a large effect on seedling morphology and on fieldperformance. Density also had a large effect on seedling morphology, but littleinfluence on performance. The tightest relationship of field performance was tothe mean dry weight of the stems of the planting stock (R² = 0.94).Mean height and sturdiness index, defined as diameter ÷height, were not correlated with performance. Of the non-destructivemeasurements, mean root-collar diameter was the most closely correlated withperformance.     

杉木、马尾松裸根苗水分关系研究

Water relation parameters of bare-root seedlings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)were measured and changes of root growth potential as well as field survival rate of both species were studied after the bare-root seedlings were exposed in a sunny field condition.the results showed that masson pine had a lower osmotic potential(-2.07Mpa) at turgor loss point and at full turgor(-1.29Mpa),compared with Chinese fir(-1.80Mpa and -1.08Mpa respectively).The parameter Vp/Vo(63.27%) of Masson pine was higher than that of chinese fir (58.03%).This means that Masson pine has a stronger ability to tolerate desiccation,compared to Chinese fir according to analysis of above water relation parameters.Root growth potential and field survival rate decreased with prolonging duration of exposure.The field survival rate of both species was reduced to less than 40% after the seedling being exposed only two hours.Water potentials of -1.60 Mpa and -1.70 Mpa were suggested to be critical values for Chinese fir and Masson pine respectively in successful reforestation.     

Surface wildfire in conifer broad-leaved forests of the Hyrcanian region of Iran: short-term effect on regeneration and damage to trees

Wildfires in recent years have resulted in degradation and damage to the Hyrcanian forest ecosystems in Northern Iran.This study was carried out to investigate fire damage to trees and changes in regeneration in early-season growth after wildfires in the Golestan Province.For this purpose,a random sampling plan was used,with 60 circular plots(each plot is 1000 m2) for each stand and 240 circular(25 m2) plots for regeneration within the burned and unburned areas,respectively.In each plot,habitat factors were recorded,including crown canopy percentage,forest stratum,herb-layer cover percentage,species,diameter at breast height,tree and regeneration quality,and quantity of seedlings and saplings.Our results showed that bark is an important factor for fire resistance in Hyrcanian forests.The Persian ironwood and European yew has the highest and lowest fire resistance;as broad leave species are more resistant than needle leaf species.Density of regeneration in unburned area was higher than burned area,and statistical analysis showed significant differences for all species between two areas.Fire effects on sapling were different among species which indicates sapling has different resistance to fire.Forest floor fuel,season,stand composition and microclimate have more effects on fire severity while environmental factors,regeneration and management practices shaping future composition stands.     

基于GoogLeNet和无人机图像的水稻秧苗形态识别

【目的】针对目前国内评价插秧质量主要以人工观察和随机抽样的现状,提出一种基于卷积神经网络GoogLeNet对水稻秧苗图像进行形态识别的方法。【方法】首先,利用无人机超低空航拍获取清晰、完整的稻田秧苗图像,通过裁剪标记制作漂秧、伤秧和合格秧苗数据集;然后,基于GoogLeNet结构训练数据,得到最佳网络识别模型;最后,对单穴秧苗图像进行分类试验,并与传统图像分类算法(SVM、BP神经网络)进行对比。【结果】在相同样本的条件下,基于GoogLeNet的秧苗形态识别方法更快、更准确地完成了判断分类,秧苗形态识别的平均正确率为91.17%,平均耗时0.27 s;与SVM和BP神经网络相比,分类平均精度分别提高了21和13个百分点,检测时间分别缩短了1.09和0.58 s。【结论】本研究可为水稻插秧质量评价提供相关支持。     

播量与秧龄对优质常规水稻黄华占机械育秧秧苗素质的影响

以优质水稻品种黄花占机械育苗为研究对象,探讨在陕西汉中4月20日左右播种育时播量与秧龄对秧苗素质的影响。结果表明：在陕西汉中地区,4月20日左右播种,黄花占机械育秧秧龄在25 d左右,每平方厘米播1.8~2.4粒稻种较为适宜,秧苗素质利于机械插秧,此时,苗高12~14 cm,茎基宽2.4~3.1 mm,成苗率在80%左右。     

草莓种子实生苗的病毒分子检测

草莓易感染病毒,从而导致产量减少和品质下降。目前生产上主要采用茎尖组织培养脱毒的方法,并不能保证完全脱除病毒,还需要进行无病毒检测鉴定。因此,需进一步探索简便、高效、免检的脱毒体系。利用RT-PCR技术,以草莓肌动蛋白基因序列为内标,结合4种草莓病毒特异性扩增,验证了草莓种子实生苗不携带病毒。旨在助推种子繁殖型草莓品种的应用。     

泡桐无性繁殖育苗技术及园林绿化应用

泡桐属植物自然分布及栽培范围广阔,是园林绿化、农桐间作等的优良树种之一。同时,泡桐木材材质优良,常应用于制造业,是重要的特用经济树种之一。目前,泡桐的繁殖方法都具有一定的局限性,由于泡桐雄性不育,有性繁殖需要经过天然杂交才能结实,但这样的种子往往不能保持优良的性状。插根法繁殖,则受到种根不足的限制。为了打破泡桐繁殖中的局限性,加快泡桐的优良品种的应用和推广,我们对泡桐进行了劈根嫁接育苗方法的尝试,研究发现劈根嫁接泡桐成活率高,操作简便,易出苗。同时,对泡桐的生态习性、园林绿化应用进行了总结,以期为其在园林中的应用提供参考。泡桐无性繁殖育苗技术及园林绿化应用研究,不仅可以提升泡桐繁殖速率,还可保持泡桐树种的优良性状,对泡桐属种质资源的推广和园林应用具有重要价值。     

叶面喷施生物刺激素对番茄幼苗高温胁迫的减缓效应

为探明生物刺激素在缓解番茄幼苗高温伤害中的作用及相关生理机制,以耐热番茄品种‘LA2093’、中等耐热番茄品种‘硬粉8号’和热敏感番茄品种‘LA2683’为试验材料,研究高温胁迫下叶面喷施3种不同种类的生物刺激素(海藻提取物、壳寡糖、矿源黄腐酸)对番茄幼苗生长和相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施适宜种类和浓度的生物刺激素可以有效缓解高温胁迫对番茄幼苗带来的伤害。具体表现为:幼苗叶片萎蔫程度减轻,整株死亡现象减少,热害指数相比高温对照(HT)显著降低,降幅最高可达72.9%,植株的生物量也显著增加;同时,叶片的电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,最高降幅分别为26.8%和58.9%;脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,最高增幅分别为52.5%和19.0%。在高温胁迫下,生物刺激素通过增强番茄幼苗的渗透调节系统功能,缓解了膜脂过氧化的伤害,从而缓解高温对幼苗生长的抑制作用。不同生物刺激素的作用效果与番茄品种特性及其处理浓度有关。由此建议,在生产上叶面喷施100mg/L矿源黄腐酸缓解番茄幼苗高温伤害。