旋转式钵苗栽植机构多目标参数优化与试验

为了方便快捷地得到旋转式钵苗栽植机构的最佳参数,提出了旋转式钵苗栽植机构作业时实现理想栽植应满足的条件,包括栽植嘴运动学特性(轨迹、姿态、速度)、挖出穴口的几何特性、栽植机构避免干涉和非圆齿轮的保凸性要求。根据这些要求,以偏心-椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植机构为研究对象,建立其11个子目标函数,并应用模糊理论,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题进行求解,得到满足理想栽植要求的参数,然后进行结构设计、虚拟仿真、试验台加工和模拟田间栽植试验,验证了该栽植机构的高立苗率和优化模型的正确性。该优化模型的建立和求解克服了栽植机构传统参数设计时采用仿真软件进行试凑的缺点,提高了优化效率。     

多熟制水稻插秧机分插机构的研究

为了解决南方多熟制水稻移栽时对不同高度秧苗的适应性问题,对分插机构进行了研究。在选定最大适插苗高,并求得秧针端点运动轨迹后,计算确定了分插机构诸参数。经对该机构进行理论分析、验证和田间实插试验,证明对苗高10～30cm 秧苗具有良好的适应性。     

辣椒秸秆复合基质对西瓜育苗质量的影响

为降低西瓜基质育苗生产成本,采用不同比例的辣椒秸秆与蛭石、珍珠岩进行复配,探讨其对西瓜幼苗形态建成及生理特性的影响,以明确最佳的草炭替代材料。试验设置L1(V_辣椒秸秆∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=1∶1∶1)、L2(V_辣椒秸秆∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)、L3(V_辣椒秸秆∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=4∶1∶1)3个处理和对照CK(V草炭∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)。结果表明,L2处理的西瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、根尖数、壮苗指数和根冠比最大,根系活力最高;L1处理的西瓜幼苗出苗率最高,但与L2差异不显著;L3处理的西瓜幼苗根长最大,但与L2差异不显著。L2处理的西瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率最高,较对照分别增加10.98%、11.51%、11.13%、7.71%和21.38%。因此,由辣椒秸秆、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比按2:1:1复合而成的育苗基质可以替代常规草炭育苗基质(V草炭∶V_蛭石∶V_珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)进行西瓜育苗。     

半干旱气候区优质高效酿酒葡萄栽培技术

从整地、品种选择、苗木定植、树体管理、病虫害防治、采收、埋土越冬等方面介绍了半干旱气候区青铜峡市酿酒葡萄提质增效的栽培技术。     

淮安市种苗发展现状及对策研究

根据淮安市林业种苗发展现状和特点,指出了林业种苗在发展过程中存在的问题,着重从健全组织机构,确定种苗示范基地,强化种苗质量监督等方面阐述了加速林业种苗的发展的措施,对进一步扩大林业种苗的生产规模和提高生产水平有积极指导意义,尤其是对林业跨越式发展、振兴淮安经济、致富农民发挥着重要作用。     

江南桤木育苗技术的研究

本文研究了江南桤木不同播种量和不同水分管理方法的育苗效果。结果表明，播种量以45kg／hm2量为宜，苗木高生长、地径生长和优质苗产量均优于其他几种处理方法；水分管理以“湿管法”育苗效果最好，苗木的高生长、地径生长和优质苗产量与“水管法”、常规育苗方法间均存在显著差异。     

大通沙地柏大田移植育苗技术

2012年进行了沙地柏大田移植育苗试验，本文介绍了沙地柏大田育苗的整地做床、栽培及苗期管理等技术。     

Control of Helminthosporium leaf blight of spring wheat using seed treatments and single foliar spray in Indo-Gangetic Plains of Nepal

Four fungicides for seed treatments and one as foliar spray were tested in replicated field experiments in a strip plot design to determine the effect of fungicides on Helminthosporium leaf blight (caused by Cochliobolus sativus and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) severity and grain yield of wheat. Wheat seed cv. RR 21 was treated with fungicides, carbendazim (Areestin), triadimenol (Baytan), tebuconazole (Raxil), and carboxin + thiram (Vitavax 200B). Single foliar application of propiconazole (Tilt) was sprayed at flowering stage. Controls were included for both factors and treatments were replicated four times. Triadimenol and carboxin + thiram increased seed germination in both years. Triadimenol, tebuconazole, and carboxin + thiram reduced the number of infected seedlings and seedling root rot severity in both years. Number of tillers was higher in carboxin + thiram treated plots compared to other seed treatments. Compared to the control, carboxin + thiram increased grain yield by 9% and 8% in 2004 and 2005, respectively, and triadimenol by 6% in both years. The foliar spray of propiconazole significantly reduced Helminthosporium leaf blight severity and increased thousand-kernel weights. Propiconazole spray increased grain yield by 15% and 14% in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Therefore, seed treatment either with triadimenol or carboxin + thiram in combination with single post-flowering foliar spray of fungicides should minimize grain yield loss due to wheat foliar blight in South Asia. The findings of this study could be useful in developing strategies to manage Helminthosporium leaf blight in South Asia and other warm wheat growing regions of the world.     

Silicon content in rice seedlings to protect rice blast fungus at the nursery stage

To control rice blast effectively at the nursery stage, the absolute SiO₂ content necessary for rice plants to resist blast disease was investigated using various rice cultivars and soils. Nine rice cultivars with different complete resistance genes and different degrees of partial resistance were grown on nursery soils amended with silica gel at different rates to change the SiO₂ content of rice plant. The rice seedlings were then inoculated 28 days after sowing with Pyricularia grisea to estimate their blast resistance. In all rice cultivars, the number of lesions was significantly reduced when SiO₂ content increased in the rice seedling; lesions were reduced to 5%–20% of the number on the seedlings grown in soil without silica gel when the seedling SiO₂ content reached 5%. Additionally, the susceptibility to blast disease of rice seedlings grown on eight soils collected from different districts, with varying amounts of silica gel, was compared. The number of lesions decreased significantly when the SiO₂ content in the seedlings reached 5%. These results suggest that SiO₂ content of at least 5% in the rice plant can control this disease at the nursery stage under any conditions.     

兴安落叶松播种苗施肥效应和障碍

在塔河林业局中心苗圃对兴安落叶松Ｌａｒｉｘ ｇｍｅｌｉｎｉ（ＲｕＰｒ．）播种苗进行了施肥效应和施肥障碍研究。结果表明，以有机中添加适量的无机肥料的为基础，并在苗木不同物候期中追施适当比例尿素和二胺对促进苗木高征稿攻地径生长效果最佳，而单独施基肥、最有利于促进苗木侧根的生长；以施有基肥和追施高水平的二胺对苗木茎；根及个体总干物质积累效应显著；综合试验结果，影响苗木生长效应的施肥主导因子顺序为二胺、基