Bans,tests, and alchemy: Food safety regulation and the Uganda fish export industry

Contemporary regulation of food safety incorporates principles of quality management and systemic performance objectives that used to characterize private standards. Conversely, private standards are covering ground that used to be the realm of regulation. The nature of the two is becoming increasingly indistinguishable. The case study of the Ugandan fish export industry highlights how management methods borrowed from private standards can be applied to public regulation to achieve seemingly conflicting objectives. In the late 1990s, the EU imposed repeated bans on fish imported from Uganda on the basis of food safety concerns. However, the EU did not provide scientific proof that the fish were actually “unsafe.” Rather, the poor performance of Uganda’s regulatory and monitoring system was used as justification. Only by fixing “the system” (of regulations and inspections) and performing the ritual of laboratory testing for all consignments for export to the EU did the Ugandan industry regain its status as a “safe” source of fish. Yet, gaps and inconsistencies abound in the current Ugandan fish safety management system. Some operations are by necessity carried out as “rituals of verification.” Given the importance of microbiological tests and laboratories in the compliance system, “alchemic rituals” provide an appropriate metaphor. These rituals are part and parcel of a model that reassures the EU fish-eating public that all is under control in Uganda from boat to point of export. As a consequence, actual non-compliance from boat to landing site allows the fishery to survive as an artisanal operation. Stefano Ponte is Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen. His research focuses on the role of standards, regulation and quality conventions in the governance of agro-food value chains, with particular focus on Africa. He is co-author of Trading Down: Africa, Value Chains and the Global Economy and The Coffee Paradox: Global Markets, Commodity Trade and the Elusive Promise of Development.     

锌添加水平对断奶仔猪不同组织中锌沉积的影响

试验选用 40头 2 8日龄断奶仔猪 ,随机分为 5组 ,分别饲喂添加不同锌水平的日粮 ( 80 ,2 4 0 ,1 0 0 0 ,30 0 0 ,5 0 0 0mg/kg) ,研究日粮添加不同水平锌对断奶仔猪机体组织锌沉积的影响。结果表明 :高锌添加使肝脏、肾脏、趾骨、血清、毛发及粪锌含量极显著上升 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而背最长肌、扁桃体和胸腺锌含量则只有在添加 5 0 0 0mg/kg日粮锌时含量显著上升 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,脾脏锌含量则随着高锌的添加变化差异不显著P >0 .0 5 ) ;低锌添加 ( 80mg/kg和 2 4 0mg/kg)对机体各组织及粪锌含量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

农业机械化在新农村建设中的作用

发展社会主义新农村必须促进农业机械化的发展。我国农业机械化发展的经济社会条件大为改观,但发展过程中仍存在一些问题。农业机械化是新农村建设的必然选择,对社会主义新农村建设具有非常重要的作用。随着国民经济快速健康的发展,对农业机械化的需求将更为迫切。因此,对农业经营规模小,农户投资能力不足的中国,应加大政府扶持力度,有效促进农业机械化的发展。     

基于HR Value Chain的农民工HRM实践研究

从价值链理论(Value Chain)发展而来的人力资源价值链(HR Value Chain)肯定了HRM实践是企业价值的来源。在概要介绍HR Value Chain的基础上,着重分析企业内部针对农民工的HRM实践所存在的问题,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

科技档案价值综合评价的数学模型及应用

应用模糊数学原理和综合评价体系层次结构图、评价指标、等级划分标准,建立了科技档案价值综合评价的数学模型。这将有助于科技档案的鉴定工作和科技档案的开发利用。     

小麦面筋物理品质性状的双列分析

对沉淀值,比沉淀值两个面筋物理品质性状利用Hayman方法进行的分析表明,两性状低值表现部分显性,高值与隐性效应相联系。加性方差和显性方差分量均达显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要。     

Engagement for transformation: Value webs for local food system development

Engagement happens when academics and non-academics form partnerships to create mutual understanding, and then take action together. An example is the “value web” work associated with W. K. Kellogg Foundation’s Food Systems Higher Education–Community Partnership. Partners nationally work on local food systems development by building value webs. “Value chains,” a concept with considerable currency in the private sector, involves creating non-hierarchical relationships among otherwise disparate actors and entities to achieve collective common goals. The value web concept is extended herein by separating the values of the web itself, such as the value of collaboration, from values “in” the web, such as credence values associated with a product or service. By sharing and discussing case examples of work underway around the United States, the authors make a case for employing the value webs concept to represent a strategy for local food systems development, specifically, and for higher education–community partnerships, generally.

海参的营养及药用价值

从5个方面介绍了食用海参的营养价值,为海参的深加工和海产品的消费市场提供理论依据。     

基于模糊综合评判法的乡村旅游资源分析——以武汉石榴红村为例

以石榴红村为依托,通过综合运用模糊数学、层次分析法、最大隶属度原则,综合评判乡村旅游资源,从而得出石榴红村的旅游资源属于＂较好＂级别,说明石榴红村非常具有潜在的旅游价值。     

城市植被净化大气价值计量与评价——以西安市为例

对西安市植被净化大气物质量及价值测定结果表明 ,植被净化大气年总价值为 34 2 6 35 6亿元 ,占 1999年西安市国内生产总值的 6 % ,其中年固定CO2 和释放O2 的价值为 2 7 1830 9亿元 ,年吸收SO2 、HF和NOX3种污染物的价值为 1 82 896亿元 ,年滞尘价值为 1 82 5 11亿元 ,年灭菌价值为 3 4 2 6 4 0亿元。并通过MapInfo的叠加分析得出各行政区统计结果。