凡纳滨对虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的比较分析

中国多批次引进凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei并结合生产开展了相对独立的育苗工作，但对引进群体及引进后留种形成的本地群体的遗传变异水平缺乏了解，不利于种质管理及利用。此研究采用AFLP技术对抽查的6个养殖群体进行分析，发现进口群体具有相对较高的遗传多样性水平；养殖性能较好的东方、海星和旭明群体遗传多样性水平与进口群体相近；而乾塘群体遗传变异水平最高，推测可能是与其种质混杂有关；广益群体遗传多样性水平最低，可能已出现近交衰退。通过对各个群体间的遗传距离进行分析，为下一步根据亲缘关系的远近开展群体问杂交育种提供技术依据。     

果洛地区多年生牧草引种试验初报

在果洛地区两个试验点同时进行２５种牧草的引种试验和室内发芽试验。结果表明：１１种禾草和２种豆科牧草表现良好，６种禾草和１种豆科牧草一般，３种禾草和１种豆科牧草农现差。     

Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.     

花生多胺氧化酶的组织化学定位及显微拍摄

报告了花生幼苗（苗龄为６ｄ）中多胺氧化酶的组织化学定位，并就该酶定位研究中的摄影问题提出了几点看法     

IAA、GA和ABA对葡萄果实~(14)C蔗糖输入与代谢的调控

将　14 C蔗糖与激素IAA、GA和ABA同时通过果柄引入离体葡萄果实 ,研究了蔗糖积累代谢与激素的关系。结果表明 :①GA在幼果膨大期 ,IAA在果实始熟期以前 ,ABA从缓慢生长期到果实成熟 ,对蔗糖的吸收有明显促进效果。②GA与IAA在果实发育前期 (第Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 )可促进　14 C蔗糖转化为非醇溶性结构物 ;ABA则在成熟期表现出类似的作用。③IAA、GA与ABA在幼果膨大期可促进糖分转化为有机酸 ,但在缓慢生长期都抑制这一过程 ,抑制效果以ABA最显著 ,IAA其次 ,GA最小。成熟期糖分占醇溶物的 85 %～ 91% ,不同激素处理的差异不明显。ABA可促进各个时期果实中氨基酸的合成。④IAA可加快蔗糖分解为还原糖 ;GA增加果糖积累 ;ABA处理的果实蔗糖含量最高 ,推测ABA直接刺激了果肉维管束的蔗糖卸载。     

一种新的机顶盒缓存控制算法

结合视频点播系统中的一种存储与传输技术，分析并介绍了一种机顶盒功能的实现方案，研究了机顶盒视频点播缓存控制问题并提出了一种控制算法。     

几种植物生长调控剂对油菜的生物学效应

以杂交油菜秦油２ 号和普通油菜中油８２１ 为试验材料，研究了在施硼砂的基础上喷施植物生长调控剂对油菜的生物学效应－ 结果表明：喷施多效唑（ＭＥＴ）使油菜叶片的气孔数、有效荚果数大幅度增加，对千粒重影响不明显，但使荚果内的表现粒数明显减少，尤其使秦油２ 号的成棵率极显著降低，且减产达显著水平；喷施８０２ 使油菜的有效荚果数和千粒重增加，但使叶片的气孔数和荚果内的表现粒数减少，增产效果不显著；喷施增产菌除使千粒重有增加的趋势外，但使中油８２１ 的成棵率极显著降低，增产效果也不显著     

浅谈江苏省苹果区域发展战略

论述了江苏苹果产业发展的现状,分析了江苏苹果区域比较优势,提出了江苏苹果优势区域发展战略措施.     

我国马铃薯生产的区域优势分析及对策建议

先概述了我国各区域、各省马铃薯生产情况,然后采用区域优势分析方法分析了各区域、各省马铃薯生产的地区优势。基于实证分析得出主要结论,并对我国马铃薯生产提出了对策建议,希望能对我国马铃薯生产发展有所裨益。     

茄子离体叶片光系统Ⅱ的冷激胁迫效应及热力学分析

 以耐冷性较强的短把黑圆茄和耐热性较强的黑帅圆茄为试材，经冷激胁迫后采用植物效率仪PEA，进行快速叶绿素荧光参数测定，并利用最大光化学效率Fv/F m和活性中心RC/CSo的标准状态变性自由能变△GD进行PSⅡ冷稳定性的热力学分析。随着冷激胁迫温度的降低和时间的延长，PSⅡ的Fv/Fm、实际光化学效率ΔF/Fm′、RC/CSo呈"S"型下降趋势；单位反应中心DIo/RC和非光化学猝灭qN呈"S"型上升趋势；综合分析反映出冷激胁迫下PSⅡ反应中心的可逆失活和依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散的双重机制在保护PSⅡ防止光抑制中起到重要作用。另外，通过两品种间PSⅡ行为差异，引入了两组新的参数作为便于直观比较冷胁迫的评价指标。黑帅圆茄Fv/Fm、ΔF/Fm＇的半衰温度T1/2和t1/2值分别高于短把黑圆茄1.4 ℃和0.8 ℃。茄子叶片Fv/Fm和RC/CSo的△GD随着冷激胁迫温度的降低而减少呈瀑布型的下降趋势。黑帅圆茄的△GD值和变性中点温度Tm都低于短把黑圆茄。它们均反映出黑帅圆茄的耐冷性低于短把黑圆茄。