黑木耳单核杂交菌株遗传分析

为实现黑木耳菌株快速鉴定和栽培性状定向育种,研究通过荧光核染色筛选,酯酶同工酶酶谱比较及RAPD分子鉴定,筛选出了黑木耳杂交单核体的交配核型及杂交新种,并对杂交新种进行了遗传分析和栽培比较.结果显示,2个亲本筛选出4种不同类型原生质体单核体,8808亲本单核体为A1、A2型,981亲本单核体为B1、B2型.单核体单-单杂交获得核型为A1B2的杂交菌株,命名为Z1.酯酶同工酶谱及RAPD图谱结果显示Z1菌株含有来源单核的互补型条带和亲本条带.聚类分析将被试菌株分为3类,Z1菌株与981相似度高于8808菌株.栽培试验显示Z1与981栽培性状更近似而又集合了双亲的性状优势.研究的开展可为将来黑木耳菌株鉴定及杂交子遗传分析等提供快速、可靠检测方法.     

小麦RAPD分析中温度循环参数的优化

为了解决小麦材料RAPD分析中的重复性差，多态性低等问题，对反应中的温度循环参数进行了优化研究。通过比较不同变性时间，复性温度和升温速度等的扩增效果，设计出了适于小麦RAPD分析的PCR程序：94℃预变性5min；开始的5个循环为94℃1min,38℃1min,0.3℃/s升温，72℃2min;后40个循环为94℃10s，38℃1min,0.3℃／s升温，72℃2min,最后72℃5min。在后40个循环中用1－2s的变性时间，则能够有目的地扩增600bp左右及以下片段。利用该程序，每条引物检测的位点数平均达17．6个左右，高于一般报道的1－10个，该程序在小麦遗传多样性研究，分了标记鉴定等方面有较高的实用价值。     

早熟大豆外源DNA导入的RAPD分子验证

利用花粉管通道技术直接导入外源总ＤＮＡ，从而进行农作物品种改良，在国内外许多作物上已得到了广泛的应用。但外源总ＤＮＡ是否能够通过花粉管通道进入受体。后代的变异是不是由于外源总ＤＮＡ片段与受体基因组整合，表达所引起的，一直没有得到直接的分子生物学证据，本文利用ＲＡＰＤ这一分子生物学技术，对通过花粉管通导入外源总ＤＮＡ所获得的大豆早熟后代进行了分子验证。结果表明：在后代基因组中找到了供体具有而受体没有     

RAPD fingerprinting of the eel-loaches Pangio filinaris and Pangio piperata: preliminary evaluation

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to two morphologically similar species of the increasingly popular ornamental eel‐loaches, Pangio filinaris and P. piperata, collected from Kemat River, Terengganu and Padang Sanai River, Kedah, West Malaysia. Forty primers were tested in a preliminary screening. Of these, five (OPA‐03, OPA‐09, OPA‐11, OPA‐13 and OPA‐18) were chosen for their ability to provide consistent amplification. RAPD analysis differentiated the two species, with each showing different RAPD patterns for each primer used. The five primers generated a total of 82 scorable loci with up to 83% and 60% polymorphism in P. piperata and P. filinaris respectively. The RAPD banding patterns of these two species ranged from 2 to 14 fragments, with a size range of 250–2000 bp. Genetic similarity within species ranged from 0.610 to 0.985 (mean 0.799±0.14) for P. piperata and from 0.824 to 0.934 (mean 0.885±0.04) for P. filinaris respectively. The interspecies genetic similarity ranged from 0.386 to 0.486 with an average value of 0.434±0.040. Our study revealed RAPDs as useful genetic markers for the taxonomic clarification and assessment of genetic variability of the eel‐loaches.     

Genetic variation of Rutilus rutilus caspicus (Jakowlew 1870) populations in Iran based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers: a preliminary study

Rutilus rutilus caspicus is regarded as a valuable fish species both for angling and commercial food in Iran. This fish is also considered as a significant food source for beluga sturgeon. The genetic diversity of this fish species collected from two geographical areas (Gorgan Bay and Anzali Wetland) along the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea was examined using the analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Using 10 decamer primers, the total number of RAPD bands produced in both Gorgan Bay and Anzali Wetland populations were 94 bands. The percentages of polymorphic bands were comparable in Anzali Wetland (41.48%) and Gorgan Bay (43.61%), suggesting similar levels of polymorphism of the two populations to be used for establishing selective breeding programmes. The value of Nei's genetic distance (d=0.04) among populations was small, despite the large geographic separation. The data serve as a baseline analysis of current genetic diversity found among R. rutilus caspicus populations in Iran.     

Genetic variation inferred from RAPD fingerprinting in three species of tilapia

This study used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting for estimating genetic variation and species differentiation in three species of tilapia. A 16-mer random primer generated RAPD markers ranging from 250 to 2400 base pairs (bp). Genetic similarity estimates obtained by pairwise comparisons based on the method of Nei and Li (1979) indicated high genetic similarity (mean genetic similarity (± sd), 0.73 (± 0.15) for Nile tilapia; 0.78 (± 0.12) for Mozambique tilapia; and 0.87 (± 0.07) for Aureus tilapia) within each of the tilapia species. The average interspecies genetic similarities obtained among the three species were 0.59 (± 0.07) for Mozambique/Nile tilapia, 0.46 (± 0.09) for Aureus/Nile tilapia and 0.38 (± 0.07) for Aureus/Mozambique tilapia pair. DNA profiles generated in each species of tilapia were unique. A total of 13 RAPD markers differentiating the three species of tilapia were detected. Our study presented RAPD markers as a new class of useful genetic markers for assessment of genetic diversity and species differentiation in tilapia.     

3种扇贝遗传结构的RAPD分析

用RAPD方法对扇贝科中的虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析,筛选了43个随机引物,有13个引物获得了片段长度在250～2000 bp之间且重复性良好的谱带,每个引物分别获得了4～17个大小不等的片段,共获得了170个扩增片段,其中12个引物得到特异性片段58个,可以将两种或者3种扇贝区别开来。通过Popgene 3.2分析软件包统计表明,虾夷扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离最大,为0.2481;栉孔扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离次之,为0.2161;虾夷扇贝和栉孔扇贝遗传距离最小,其值为0.2133。根据遗传距离指数,用MEGA3统计软件中的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,构建系统树。     

仿刺参遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术对威海(WH)、烟台(YT)和大连(DL)沿海自然群体和蓬莱养殖群体(PL)仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的遗传多样性进行了分析.实验使用了20条随机引物,对来自于4个群体的80个个体进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明,YT、PL、DL、WH 4群体多态位点比例分别为65.71%、62.96%、65.51%、57.57%,遗传多态度分别为0.195 4、0.184 1、0.189 7、0.173 8.养殖群体与野生群体相比,遗传参数上都有不同程度的降低.4个群体之间的遗传分化指数Gst在0.0257～0.0554之间,其中蓬莱养殖群体与其他3个自然群体之间发生了中等程度或接近中等程度的分化,而3个自然群体之间遗传分化较低.经过UPGMA聚类分析,威海群体与大连群体之间亲缘关系最近,蓬莱养殖群体与3个自然群体之间亲缘关系均较远.     

大黄鱼种质资源研究进展

大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena croceaRichardson),属石首鱼科、黄鱼属,俗称黄鱼、黄花鱼等,为暖水性集群洄游鱼类,生活于近海的中、下层[1]。主要分布于我国黄海南部、东海和南海,分为3个地理种群:岱衢族、闽—粤东族和硇洲族。大黄鱼曾是我国著名的四大海洋捕捞对象之一,也是浙江省的重要经济鱼类,国内外都有许多大黄鱼的相关研究报道[2-4]。20世纪70年代前东海区最高年产量达2.0×105t。但是,由于过度捕捞,大黄鱼资源遭到毁灭性的破坏,产量急剧下降。到80年代末90年代初,年产量仅为2000 t,而且多为幼体,成鱼数量很少;在大黄鱼的网箱养殖中,出现…     

中国对虾5个地理群体的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对取自辽东湾、渤海湾、海州湾、乳山湾及海洋岛5个群体的中国对虾共95个个体的遗传多样性进行分析。14个随机引物共检测出103个位点(200～2500bp),各群体的多态位点比例在31．07％～34．95％之间。遗传距离显示中国对虾群体间有一定遗传分化,其中辽东湾和乳山湾群体问的遗传距离最大(0．0742),而辽东湾和渤海湾群体间的遗传距离最小(为0．0243),群体间的遗传分化系数为0．2083。整体来看,中国对虾的遗传变异水平较低,遗传多态度为0．1621。用UPGMA对5个群体进行聚类分析,构建谱系关系图。