大棚有机基质栽培厚皮甜瓜品种的筛选

选服７个厚皮甜瓜品种进行大棚有机基质栽培比较试验，结果表明，天蜜抗病，生长势强，果形圆整，品质较好，可作为南京地区设施无土栽培的推广品种。     

提高大石早生李坐果率试验研究

为提高大石早生李初果期坐果率,于盛花期进行人工授粉、环剥和环割、喷施激素和微肥试验。结果表明:选择盖县大李和香蕉李作授粉树,盛花期对主干进行环剥、喷施30×10-6赤霉素、100×10-6氯化稀土、03%硼砂+03%尿素,均能显著提高大石早生李坐果率。     

Relations Between Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Soil Characteristics Within an Arable Field

Within-field variations in plant-available soil nitrogen (N) are likely to be affected by differences in soil characteristics. To study this, a 3- year field investigation was conducted during 1998-2000 on a 15 ha arable field in Sweden with considerable within-field soil texture variability. In 34 plots soil N uptake by crops, net nitrogen mineralization (Nm) during the growing season and soil mineral N in spring and shortly after harvest were determined. Beside these parameters, topography, soil organic matter content (SOM), clay content, pH(H 2 O) and grain yield were recorded. The variations in Nm were considerably large both within the field and between years. The within-field variation in Nm could partly be explained by the variation in SOM and clay content (adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.23, P <0.001). The pattern in Nm differed between years, partly because of seasonal variations in soil moisture. For these reasons, the pattern of Nm is difficult to predict without seasonal adjustments.     

有机质配施对日光温室CO2 浓度及番茄生理的影响

 研究了有机质配施对温室内CO₂ 浓度变化以及番茄的生理效应的影响。结果表明, 稻草和膨化鸡粪按适当比例配合撒施处理可以提高叶绿素含量, 增强光合, 抑制呼吸, 加快羧化, 从而显著提高产量。同时证实了由于稻草的持续分解, 使得温室内的CO₂ 在生育后期仍然能保持较高浓度, 可以满足长节栽培条件下番茄生长发育对CO₂ 的需求。     

QTL mapping of volatile compounds in ripe apples detected by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry

The availability of genetic linkage maps enables the detection and analysis of QTLs contributing to quality traits of the genotype. Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), a relatively novel spectrometric technique, has been applied to measure the headspace composition of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by apple fruit genotypes of the progeny ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Fruit samples were characterised by their PTR-MS spectra normalised to total area. QTL analysis for all PTR-MS peaks was carried out and 10 genomic regions associated with the peaks at m/z = 28, 43, 57, 61, 103, 115 and 145 were identified (LOD > 2.5). We show that it is possible to find quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to PTR-MS characterisation of the headspace composition of single whole apple fruits indicating the presence of a link between molecular characterisation and PTR-MS data. We provide tentative information on the metabolites related to the detected QTLs based on available chemical information. A relation between apple skin colour and peaks related to carbonyl compounds was established. The two authors contributed equally to this work.     

地膜覆盖下土壤有机质的分解与积累

还田有机物在地膜覆盖下的分解略高于露地栽培,腐殖化系数为0.17～0.41,土壤有机质的年亩矿化量为92～164kg.有机无机肥配施,对土壤有机质的贡献高于不施肥、单施化肥和单施有机肥,尤其是未经分解的有机物,适量配施化肥,明显优于等氮量的腐熟有机肥.为此,要重新组合农业措施.以调整土壤有机质分解与积累之间的关系.     

有机栽培对杂交粳稻产量和品质的影响

以杂交粳稻(常优2号、常优5号、甬优8号)和常规粳稻(淮稻5号、南粳46、南粳5055)为试材,比较研究了有机和常规栽培方式对两种类型粳稻的产量和品质的影响,探索了有机栽培条件下杂交粳稻实现稳产优质的可能性。结果表明,有机栽培杂交、常规粳稻平均产量分别为8.11 t hm–2和6.29 t hm–2,前者比后者高28.93%。有机栽培杂交粳稻的群体总茎蘖数低于常规粳稻,但成穗率较常规粳稻增加了6.5个百分点。两种类型水稻叶面积指数和光合势在各生育期均表现为有机栽培常规栽培,但有机栽培杂交粳稻叶面积指数和光合势降幅较小。有机栽培条件下,杂交粳稻生育后期平均群体生长率是常规粳稻1.29倍,干物质积累比例高出8.81个百分点。有机栽培略微降低了杂交粳稻的加工品质,但显著改善了外观品质,提高胶稠度、降低直链淀粉含量,对蛋白质含量影响较小,总体上改善了蒸煮食味品质。有机栽培下杂交粳稻产量优势明显且有较好的品质性状,在有机稻米产业发展中具有独特的应用价值。     

有机肥对石灰性土壤中锌,锰生物有效性的影响

本研究发现，有机肥猪粪，牛粪和腐熟玉米秸秆具有一定的提供锌、锰能力；石灰性土壤施有机肥能显著提高土壤锌锰的有效性；有机肥对土壤中锌、锰具有一定的活力能力；锌肥与有机肥配施可降低土壤对锌肥的固定能力，提高锌肥的利用率。     

增施不同有机物质对烤烟烟叶香气质量的影响

以河南省南阳市烤烟为试材,采用GC/MS联用分析技术,研究了常规措施(CK)下增施不同的有机物质对烤烟化学成分和主要中性香气成分含量的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥措施相比,增施豆制品处理烟叶中水溶性总糖、还原糖和钾含量提高幅度较大,芝麻制品处理增幅相对较小,且各处理之间其他成分差异不大;增施不同的有机物质均能增加烟叶中的中性挥发性香气物质总量,其中新植二烯、类胡萝卜素类降解产物、芳香族氨基酸代谢产物、美拉德反应产物、西柏烷类降解产物等各类致香物质含量在各个处理中均有不同程度的提高。表明增施有机物质在一定程度上改善了烟叶化学成分之间的协调性,提高了烟叶的香气质量;增施的有机物质种类不同,其效果也有所不同,其中以增施发酵后的豆浆的2个处理最好,其次是增施豆糁,增施芝麻和香油的2个处理效果稍差。     

砂姜黑土的培肥与持续增产研究

在典型砂姜黑土上的六年定位试验证明:每年亩施圈肥2500～5000kg,可显著提高土壤有机质含量,全氮和速效氮有所增加,速效磷含量增高;在各种磷酸盐形态中,铝磷酸盐含量明显增加。施用圈肥的处理,耕层土壤容重降低,有效水含量显著提高,土壤持水曲线与对照处理有明显差别。施用氮磷化肥和无肥对照区,土壤有机质含量没有明显下降,说明砂姜黑土的土壤有机质分解速度是缓慢的。单纯施用氮磷化肥,第一年小麦增产幅度较大,以后小麦产量逐年下降。同时施用圈肥和氮磷化肥,小麦产量逐年呈上升趋势。