丛枝菌根对植物生理代谢的影响

参阅国内外大量文献,分析了丛枝菌根在营养生理及抗性生理方面的研究进展。同时,重点就丛枝菌根在促进宿主植物对氮、磷等营养元素的吸收、提高宿主植物抗逆性及抗病性研究进展进行了阐述。     

河豚的食用安全性及营养价值研究进展

阐述了河豚食用安全性,以及国内外对河豚鱼肉、肝脏和精巢营养价值的研究现状,以期为养殖低毒或无毒的河豚、科学地利用河豚资源及开放河豚市场提供参考。     

紫花苜蓿草对辽宁绒山羊营养价值的研究

为了评价紫花苜蓿干草对不同类别辽宁绒山羊的营养价值,研究不同类别绒山羊对各种营养素消化利用能力,开展了本次试验研究。选择成年母羊、育成母羊、成年种公羊、育成公羊和羔羊各4只,依次设为1、2、3、4、5组,只饲喂苜蓿干草。测定不同类别辽宁绒山羊对苜蓿草各营养物质的消化、代谢和利用能力,评价苜蓿草对辽宁绒山羊的营养价值。结果表明,成年母羊对苜蓿草的纤维类和脂肪营养的消化率均高于育成公母羊,而育成公母羊对苜蓿草能量的表观代谢率和利用率均高于成年公母羊。羔羊对苜蓿草能量利用率均低于成年公母羊和育成公、母羊,并与育成公羊差异极显著（P〈0．01）;对苜蓿草钙、磷、纤维类营养、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率也低于其他类绒山羊。     

Nutritional Programming of Intrauterine Development: A Concept Applicable to the Horse?

Human epidemiological observations and studies of experimental animals have shown that low birth weight is associated with adult phenotypes characterized by abnormalities in cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine function. In human populations, these changes can lead to overt degenerative diseases such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Because fetal growth depends primarily on the nutrient supply, the associations between birth weight and adult phenotype have been linked to poor nutrition in utero. The fetal supply of nutrients and oxygen depends on both the availability of these substances in the mother and the functional capacity of the placenta to supply them to the fetus. This review takes a comparative approach to examining the nutritional programming of adult physiological phenotype in mammals with emphasis on the horse where possible. It considers the role of maternal nutritional state and placental function in these processes and discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms operating in utero that are responsible for the epigenetic regulation of phenotypical diversity.     

黄花棘豆青贮前后常规营养成分分析

[目的]为黄花棘豆的开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]采用标准方法对青贮前后黄花棘豆的常规营养成分及主要矿物质元素含量进行了测定。[结果]3个青贮组黄花棘豆粗蛋白含量均低于青贮前,而其灰分、粗纤维、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、水分含量均高于青贮前。"棘防E号"青贮组Fe、Zn、Ca、Mn和Mg含量均高于青贮前,也高于直接青贮组和酶制剂青贮组,其中酶制剂青贮组Cu含量最高,均达到我国牛饲养标准和美国国家科学研究委员会(NRC)奶牛、绵羊饲养标准要求的安全剂量。[结论]黄花棘豆中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量接近上等苜蓿干草,是1种潜在的优质牧草。     

不同樱桃番茄果实营养特性比较及遗传倾向研究

以不同亲本和F_1代樱桃番茄果实为材料,分别对感官品质、营养品质以及次生代谢物质总酚和类黄酮等指标进行综合分析,并对其主效成分进行遗传倾向的研究,探讨番茄果实营养特性及对杂种后代的遗传特性。结果表明,(1)F_1代樱桃番茄中7261和7264的品质较优,其营养品质以及次级代谢物总酚和类黄酮的质量分数显著较高,且产量均在6 kg/m~2左右;(2)在杂交育种过程中可溶性蛋白、维生素C质量分数、总酚以及类黄酮均具有超高的遗传力,均达到100%以上,对后代的遗传效果明显,而单果质量、番茄红素、可溶性糖以及可滴定酸的质量分数的遗传效果较不明显;(3)后代材料7261各指标的遗传力均显著较高,且可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C以及总酚分别出现超高亲植株,但是在后续的研究选育中仍需进一步探索其营养价值及遗传效果。     

连续光照及光质对水培生菜生长及营养品质的影响

以罗马生菜为材料,研究在不同LED光质下采前连续光照24、48、72 h对生物量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,连续光照24 h后,生菜叶片中硝酸盐含量大幅下降,随着连续光照时间的增加,硝酸盐含量趋于稳定。地上鲜重、可溶性糖、VC含量在连续光照48 h后增幅最大,之后趋于稳定。可溶性蛋白含量随连续光照时间的增长而轻微下降。R/B=4、连续光照48 h对生菜生物量及营养品质的提高效果最好。     

Proximate and mineral components of Viscum album var. coloratum grown on eight different host tree species

Mistletoes are parasite plants growing on various tree species,taking nutrients from the host.Beneficial compounds of mistletoe were used in medicine and these mistletoes were commonly collected from oak species that were not well identified.We analyzed the nutritional value by measuring proximate and mineral components of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album var.coloratum)from various host trees.Carbohydrate was the most proximate component in both leaves and twigs followed crude protein,crude fiber,crude ash and crude fat.While the contents of the proximate components and minerals varied among hosts and between plant parts,leaves contained higher crude protein and ash,and more minerals except for magnesium than twigs,although no significant difference was found inmistletoe grown on Prunus mandshurica.There were significant differences of proximate and mineral contents depending on the host species.Mistletoe grown on Chaenomeles sinensis contained higher levels of carbohydrates,crude fat,crude ash,magnesium,calcium,sodium,iron,and zinc than mistletoe grown on other species.Mistletoe grown on P.mandshurica contained high mineral levels of potassium,copper and phosphorous.The nutritional value of mistletoes were greatly influenced by the host species but among the hosts,specific nutrients accumulated in leaves more than in twigs,and vice versa.Based on the analysis,Korean mistletoe contains relatively good quality of nutrients and has high potential for dietary supplements as well as for medicinal compounds.     

不同叶面肥对紫花苜蓿生长、产草量和品质的影响及效益比较

喷施叶面肥是提高苜蓿产草量和品质的有效措施之一。为探明不同叶面肥成分对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）生长、产草量和品质的影响,并筛选紫花苜蓿优质高产的叶面施肥方案,本试验以生长第2年的‘东农1号’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Dongnong No.1’）为材料,在春季返青期一次性土壤施肥基础上,于刈割前20天分别喷施苜蓿专用叶面肥（自主研制,专利申请号：201810124670.2）、0.3%尿素、0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.3%尿素+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵、0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵,0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵这7种叶面肥（分别简称叶面肥A,B,C,D,E,F,G）,以喷施清水为对照,每年刈割3茬,观测不同叶面肥对‘东农1号’紫花苜蓿高度、茎叶比、产草量和营养品质的影响,并进行经济效益比较分析。结果表明：喷施叶面肥均可显著提高紫花苜蓿垂直高度、产草量和粗蛋白含量;其中叶面肥G处理下,全年总干草产量达14 595.81 kg·hm^-2,比对照提高17.70%;平均粗蛋白含量为25.43%,比对照提高3.12%。叶面肥A处理纯增经济效益和产投比分别达2 414.57元·hm^-2和2.63,是叶面肥G处理的2.65倍和8.77倍。经过综合比较分析,在寒地黑土农区喷施紫花苜蓿专用叶面肥（A处理）相对投入较少,产出较多,综合效益最高。     

黑木耳的营养功效及其在食品行业的加工现状

黑木耳是一种药食两用的食用菌,富含木耳多糖、蛋白质、粗纤维、维生素B以及钙磷铁等微量元素,具有滋阴养血、补肝润肺、强体通便等功效。目前国内食品制造企业以天然种植黑木耳为主要原料,研制出了黑木耳饼干、黑木耳馒头、黑木耳果冻等深加工产品。本文对黑木耳的营养成分、活性功效以及食品深加工方面进行综述,为黑木耳高附加值产品的深度开发提供一定的参考。