乡土植物在玉龙雪山景区植被恢复中的应用

为了有效地利用玉龙雪山的乡土植物资源及探讨乡土植物在玉龙雪山中高海拔地带植被恢复及园林绿化中的应用,通过5年来在玉龙雪山景区开展乡土植物的引种驯化、适应性研究,以及利用乡土植物进行植被恢复工作,笔者初步筛选出适宜于玉龙雪山景区种植,且具有一定开发价值的乡土植物143种。其中,乔木53种、灌木40种、草本45种及藤本植物5种。研究结果表明,这些乡土物种对于玉龙雪山景区进行植被恢复及园林绿化具有非常明显的应用价值,同时对于其他类似中高海拔地区选用乡土植物种类进行植被恢复及园林绿化也能提供一定参考。     

Fattening performance and feed source preference of native Awassi lambs fed individually in a cafeteria feeding system

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cafeteria (CF) and conventional (CN) feeding systems on feed intake, feed preferences with respect to voluntary feed source intake, feed conversion rate (FCR) and fattening performance of native Awassi lambs. Sixteen, 3 month old male lambs were used and kept individually for 70 days. Lambs in CF (n = 8) were offered to consume the main ingredients of barley, soybean meal (SBM), sunflower seed meal (SFM) and alfalfa straw, separately, while lambs in CN (n = 8) were fed with a concentrate feed containing 11.34 MJ/kg ME, 17.53% crude protein with the mixture of the same feed sources and alfalfa straw. The initial and final live weights of lambs were similar among groups (P > 0.05). Daily voluntary intake of ash, fat and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) consumptions among groups were quite different during the experiment (P < 0.001). Neither biweekly nor total results of voluntary protein intake between groups were not found statistically significant (P > 0.05). From beginning to the end of the study, the proportional barley intake increased 34 to 43% but reduced for SBM intake from 37 to 23% for the lambs in CF. On the other hand, the SFM intake of lambs did not changed significantly during the experiment and ranged between 2–5%. Lambs in CF did not consume SFM to meet their protein requirement and had 12.5% better total FCR result than the lambs in CN (6.86 and 7.84, respectively) (P > 0.05). The difference of average DWG, total live weight gain, final live weight of lambs in groups were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Awassi lambs in CF can select a diet matching their nutritional requirements from a group of feed sources in response to their growth period when compared to CN system and better FCR result might help to decrease the feed expenses for fattening of native Awassi lambs.     

丽水山地乡土野生植物引种栽培与园林应用

通过3年对丽水地区乡土植物的全面调查统计和对部分优良乡土植物的引种栽培,发现在丽水地区生长良好的乡土植物共有57科139种。并且对未开发应用的观赏价值较高的16科18种乡土植物,从生物学、生态学及观赏价值等方面进行系统研究。     

Ethnobotanical knowledge of Philippine lowland farmers and its application in agroforestry

Complex agroforestry systems that mimic local forest structure, so-called ‘analogs’, are assumed to be of specific value to rural people as well as the environment. The objective of this study was to document and evaluate the utilization of plant resources by Philippine lowland farmers to identify native species suitable for integration in such a system. The interviewed farmers maintain a comprehensive ethnobotanical knowledge. They reported using 122 plant species for 77 purposes. Eighty species have medicinal value, 35 provide food, and 32 serve other uses. About 64% of the identified species are Philippine natives. The life form composition of these species is dominated by trees but also includes herbs, lianas, and graminoids, thus providing the structural elements required in analog systems. Nevertheless, only a few of the species seem to be promising for cultivation. Many of them are ubiquitous in the vicinity of villages. Some species are also not much appreciated but act as staple food only during food shortage. Even though several of the species have proven market value, such as rattan (e.g. Calamus merrillii), or are reputed medicines, such as ‘Philippine ginseng’ (Sarcandra glabra), no cultivation could be observed. This shows that usefulness in itself cannot be the only criterion to promote species but that it requires a careful analysis of the marketability of the respective species. In this context we suggest the following three species that are of proven medicinal value for in-depth study: the liana Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae), the tree Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae), and the herb Sarcandra glabra (Chloranthaceae). They represent three different life form strategies and would thus fit well in vertically structured agroforestry systems.     

Determinants for successful reforestation of abandoned pastures in the Andes: Soil conditions and vegetation cover

The Andes of Ecuador are known for their outstanding biodiversity but also as the region with the highest deforestation rate in South America. This process is accompanied by accelerating degradation and loss of environmental services. Despite an extraordinary richness in native tree diversity, more than 90% of all forest plantations established in Ecuador consist of exotic species, primarily Eucalyptus spp. and Pinus spp. This is mainly due to the lack of information about the autecological and synecological requirements of the native species.     

乡土植物在泰州园林绿化中的应用研究

综述了乡土植物的研究和应用进展,结合泰州市特定的自然环境和城市文化,分析了乡土植物在泰州园林绿化应用中存在的问题,并提出了建议,以期为乡土植物在泰州园林绿化中的广泛应用提供依据。     

两优培九剑叶衰老过程光合膜功能及蛋白质复合物的变化

为探讨高产杂交稻两优培九在衰老过程中,剑叶光合膜蛋白质复合物的含量变化规律及其与光能吸收、转化、传递的关系,以大田栽培自然衰老剑叶为材料,利用活体叶绿素荧光动力学技术,并结合类囊体膜蛋白质复合物蓝绿温和胶电泳分析。结果表明,两优培九剑叶叶绿素含量、光合性能、类囊体膜蛋白稳定性等都在抽穗期达到顶峰,随后开始衰退,在扬花期、灌浆期尚保持较高水平,而进入籽粒成熟阶段衰退明显;随着衰老进程,光合膜蛋白质复合物有序非同步降解,稳定性为LHCII > PSIIcore > PSIcore > ATPase & Cyt b₆/f > LHCI;PSI和PSII蛋白和相应电子传递活性的稳定性及下降幅度差异较大;衰老过程叶绿素a/b的不断下降与相对于反应中心更稳定的捕光天线有关,剑叶生长后期LHCII维持高水平保持了叶片对光能的吸收,并可能在调节光系统间能量分布和协助过剩能量耗散中起重要作用。     

5株土著真菌的纤维素降解活性分析

对分离自江苏句容市瓦屋山竹林土壤的5株真菌纤维素降解活性的分析结果表明:各菌株在CMC平板上均能较好地生长,而在CMC液体培养时仅TZ-4和TZ-15菌体干重较高;秸秆固态发酵后,TZ-4木聚糖酶活最高达355 U/g,TZ-15滤纸酶活最高达2.28 U/g,与里氏木霉相近,TZ-4和TZ-15的纤维素类物质分解能力较强,可作为功能性菌株应用于发酵床。     

原住民视角下抚州市传统村落可持续发展的策略浅析——以乐安县东坑村为例

传统村落保护已经成为近年来的热点话题.随着经济发展,社会进步,传统村落的基础设施已经满足不了村民的需求,加上保护意识、文化传承意识不强,许多村民将年久失修的传统建筑拆旧建新.同时,大量原住民进城务工,使文化得不到传承,传统村落的数量正在逐年迅速下降.如何妥善处理原住民日益增长的物质生活需求和传承历史文化遗产之间的矛盾是当前传统村落保护工作的一大难点.笔者对乐安县东坑村进行实地调研,以原住民对传统村落保护的重要性为视角,寻求传统村落可持续发展的最优策略.     

滨海木麻黄林下3种乡土树种苗木的生长及其影响因素（摘要）

[目的]研究海南3种乡土树种肖槿（Thespesia lampas）、海棠果（Calophyllum inophyllum）、莲叶桐（Hernandia sonora）在海岸木麻黄林下的生长状况及其环境因子的关系。[方法]定植肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐植株的滨海沙土进行了添加木屑、蔗渣及空白对照处理,分析定植1年后3种乡土树种的生长状况。[结果]1年的生长期后,各树种生长指标表现为存活率肖槿〉莲叶桐〉海棠果、基径净增长量莲叶桐〉肖槿〉海棠果、株高净增长量肖槿〉海棠果〉莲叶桐。肖槿和海棠果存活率差异极显著,海棠果和莲叶桐的存活率差异也达到显著,而肖槿和莲叶桐的存活率差异不显著;肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐株高1年净增长量均达到极显著差异,基径净增长量只有肖槿和海棠果的差异显著。②不同土壤处理下,添加木屑、蔗渣处理的肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐存活率大于对照处理,且添加木屑与添加蔗渣的肖槿存活率与对照处理间的差异均达到显著水平,而添加木屑和蔗渣这2种处理间的差异不显著。③3种苗木生长指标与环境因子都有一定的相关性（｜r｜〉0.3）,其中肖槿存活率与土壤pH值、土壤水分相关性较高,基径、株高与土壤pH值、土壤温度有一定的相关性;海棠果存活率与土壤pH值、土壤温度、光照强度相关性均较高,基径、株高都与土壤温度有一定的相关性;莲叶桐存活率与土壤盐度、土壤温度相关性均较高,基径、株高与都与土壤温度有一定的相关性。肖槿、海棠果、莲叶桐的基径与株高的相关性均较高（r〉0.5）,且都达到显著水平。[结论]在木麻黄林下1年生长期内,肖槿苗木生长状况最好,是与木麻黄混交最有潜力的树种。