基于像素类型的阶跃型边缘提取算法

介绍一种用于提取目标图像和背景图像都比较简单的图像中的阶跃型边缘算法。把二值化图像中的像素点分为4类:背景点、目标体点、边缘点、噪声点;算法实现过程如下:首先对图像进行二值化处理,然后对二值图像中的目标体的边缘像素点进行跟踪,找出目标体的边缘曲线。试验表明:该算法实现简单、处理快速、抗噪性好。     

基于像元尺度耕地质量局部空间自相关的基本农田划定

划定永久基本农田保护区是我国农业可持续发展的战略要求,耕地质量是保护区位置选择的重要依据。以湖北省嘉鱼县为例,引入植被指数信息,完善耕地质量综合评价指标体系,通过网络层次分析法确定指标权重,结合局部空间自相关分析结果,分别对基于耕地质量与莫兰指数的基本农田逐像元补划结果进行了分析。研究结果表明,嘉鱼县耕地综合质量在空间上表现出较强的相关性,全域和耕地范围的局部自相关系数分别为0. 864 5和0. 991 6;基于耕地质量和莫兰指数的划定结果在空间上保持高度的一致性,两种方法均优先将空间上呈HH型聚集的99. 97%的像元划入了基本农田保护区;两种方法互为补充,可以为最终决策提供参考。     

天山新疆段及南北麓草地植被覆盖度时空变化特征研究

天山草地分布面积广阔,不仅是新疆畜牧业发展的主要支撑,也在维护生态安全方面具有重要贡献。为了解天山新疆段草地植被覆盖度的动态特征与变化趋势,以2001-2020年MODIS NDVI产品为主要数据源,采用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度,运用转移矩阵和趋势分析法研究其变化特征,并利用地理探测器模型分析驱动因素。结果表明,研究区草地多年平均植被覆盖度在0.34～0.42波动,主要以中低、中植被覆盖度为主,各等级植被覆盖度大致呈西部高覆盖东部低覆盖的分布特征;从变化趋势来看,研究区草地植被覆盖度总体上有上升趋势,盆地周围覆盖度增加、中部山区其变化基本稳定,增加和基本稳定的区域面积占总面积的10.41%和89.16%;从地理探测器运行结果来看,单因子作用解释最大的是降水量,q为18%,当降水量与海拔交互作用时对研究区草地植被覆盖度的影响更为明显。研究结果可为天山草地生态安全保护与质量评估提供参考依据。     

Snow damages on trees of an uneven age in mixed broadleaf forests:effects of topographical conditions and tree characteristics

Snow damage on natural stands is an important problem concerning mountainous forest management.In the present research,the frequency and intensity of heavy snow damage on natural stands and the relationship of damages with characteristics of trees,stand and topography were studied in mountainous forests of northern Iran.A systematic sampling design was applied to the study area(140 ha),with 122 circular plots.The grid dimension was100 m and each plot area was 1000 m^2.The four types of snow damage to trees include:crown damage(8.6%),stem breakage(5.4%),uprooting(3.2%),and bending(1.4%).The frequency of crown damage grew with an increase inthe diameter at breast height(DBH),while the frequency of stem breakage,uprooting and bending decreased with an increase the DBH.The frequency of crown damage,stem breakage,and total damages was related to tree species(p<0.01).Not all tree species were equally susceptible to snow damage.The amount of damage grew with increasing elevation and slope angle and decreased with increasing soil depth.Young trees(DBH<25 cm)were more susceptible to snow damage than other trees.Snow damage decreased by as the trees in the stand became more mixed in age.The susceptibility of trees to snow damage increased by height and slenderness coefficient.With adequate silvicultural operation,snow damage can be reduced to a minimum level in these natural forests.     

Spatial correlation of pit and mound topography with canopy gaps in a virgin mixed beech forest,northern Iran

In a reserved forest parcel in a virgin eastern Hyrcanian mixed beech forest,80 ha was surveyed to determine the pit and mound topography,canopy gaps and dead trees.The aim was to investigate the spatial patterns and correlation of pit and mound features with canopy gaps.Seventy-five canopy gaps and 61 pit and mound features were identified.The univariate first order nearest neighbor(R_CE)and bivariate second order test(Ripley’s K)statistic were applied.R_CE statistics highlighted a general aggregation pattern for canopy gaps and pits and mounds,while pits and mounds alone were more clumped.Distances between canopy gaps were 130 m average,whereas distances between pit and mound features and dead trees were 60 and 78 m,respectively.Spatial positive correlation of canopy gaps with pits and mounds were observed with all distances.The result of spatial correlations between canopy gaps with pits and mounds confirmed that windthrows cause micro successions in fallen tree ecosystem-scale correlated with gap phase dynamics in the forest community-scale.     

野生大豆与青贮玉米混作对饲草产量及品质的影响

通过在辽宁地区对2个野生大豆品系与青贮玉米进行混作栽培,研究其对饲草产量和营养成分的影响。结果表明:野生大豆与青贮玉米混作可显著提高饲草产量,二者混作收获物青贮后营养成分较玉米单播均有所增加,野生大豆品系LYD140116与青贮玉米在混播密度6.75万株/hm2条件下,饲草产量和品质可达较佳水平。     

青海水、旱地甜高粱与豆科混播及其刈割对草产量的影响

为探索青海水、旱地覆膜种植甜高粱（Sorghum dochna）的增产栽培技术,将2个甜高粱品种‘九甜杂3号’和‘吉甜5号’与3个豆科品种‘草原224’,‘西牧333’和‘1741’分别在水地和旱地进行混播、刈割试验。结果表明：不同海拔生态区不同品种各性状差异显著,综合表现为水地优于旱地;在旱地与豆科混播对甜高粱‘九甜杂3号’和‘吉甜5号’的生长具有明显促进作用,‘吉甜5号’不刈割混播的鲜草产量比单播增加0.42%~21.44%,干草产量增加14.63%~32.24%;‘九甜杂3号’不刈割混播比单播干草产量增加16.74%~43.30%。生长中期刈割对‘九甜杂3号’影响显著,其水地和旱地鲜草产量分别增加9.57%和9.91%。‘九甜杂3号’适宜与豆科品种‘草原224’混播,在生长中期刈割1次,两茬鲜草产量高达147.33 t·hm^-2和112.40 t·hm^-2;‘吉甜5号’适宜与‘西牧333’混播且不刈割,两者鲜草产量达129.55 t·hm^-2和104.01 t·hm^-2,干草产量达29.57 t·hm^-2和22.15 t·hm^-2。因此,甜高粱品种与豆科植物的混播及刈割能够增加其草产量,这对生产实践有着一定的指导意义。     

基于混合像元分解方法的康保县植被覆盖度估测

以康保县为研究区,使用Landsat8 OLI数据,结合134个野外样地调查数据,通过像元二分法、完全约束最小二乘法和随机森林三种方法来进行混合像元的分解,探讨混合像元分解方法对提取地表植被覆盖度的可行性。结果显示:基于随机森林的混合像元分解方法结果最优,F为0.664,RMSE为0.127;三种方法都能较为精确地估测出康保县的植被覆盖情况,且与实测数据较为拟合,因此采用混合像元分解的方法进行植被覆盖度估测是完全可行的。     

Management targets for continuously stocked mixed oat × annual ryegrass pasture in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system

Feeding livestock with cover crops can improve the efficiency and sustainability of integrated crop–livestock systems under no-till. However, no-till systems are based on permanent soil cover by organic material, so grazing livestock can compete for soil cover. Hence, managing stocking rates during the grazing period of the cultivated forage species is a key factor to assure enough herbage mass for maintaining long-term sustainable no-till systems. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine sward management targets for a continuously stocked mixed oat (Avena strigosa) × annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture in rotation with soybean in a no-till integrated crop–livestock system to determine the optimum balance between animal production and herbage mass for soil cover. The effects of sward height management on animal performance and herbage mass covers were evaluated. Treatments corresponded to four sward heights: 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, maintained throughout the experimental period through continuous stocking and variable stocking rate, plus a no-grazing control area. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Herbage mass and animal performance increased linearly with sward height, but weight gain per hectare decreased. Grazing efficiency fitted to a quadratic regression and conversion efficiency a logarithmic model. Equilibrium between grazing and conversion efficiencies was reached on swards managed at 20 cm, indicating that this sward height provided enough herbage mass to allow both animal performance and no-till crop demand for soil cover.     

猪圆环病毒与胸膜肺炎放线杆菌混合感染的诊治

2019年3月,大庆某规模化猪场个别猪出现发育不良、咳喘、消瘦、皮肤苍白和呼吸困难等症状,随后出现死亡。为明确发病原因,降低损失,对送检病死猪进行临床症状观察、剖检及实验室检测,并对病原菌进行药物敏感性试验。检测结果为致病性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒混合感染所致,分离的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对阿莫西林和头孢唑高度敏感。本研究为养殖场饲养猪的死亡病因分析和防治提供了参考。