金花茶的小孢子发生及雄配子体形成过程中几种物质的细胞化学定位

 金花茶(Camellia chrysantha Tuyama)的花粉粒具二细胞型,生殖核孚尔根染色比营养核深,营养核在花粉萌发前消失。小孢子萌发前,用固绿、溴酚兰、高碘酸-席夫试剂染色,细胞质呈阳性反应,特别是在三个萌发孔处。在花粉管萌发以后,管端着色较深,花粉管外的胼胝质塞及四分体外的胼胝质壁,仅在PAS反应与苏木精染色中呈现阳性反应,被染成淡红色及淡紫色。     

应用小孢子离体培养技术培育大麦新品系

以大麦F1、F2代为供体材料,通过技术优化,建成了大麦小孢子培养高频再生技术程序。利用大麦小孢子加倍单倍体育种技术平台,二年内就可获得种性稳定的株系,四年内即可参加新品种区试。经过田间严格鉴定与选择,育成了大麦新品系“花98-11”和新株系“花01-3”、“花01-12”。     

结球甘蓝小孢子胚诱导与植株再生

以4个结球甘蓝品种为试材,研究不同条件对小孢子胚诱导和植株再生的影响.结果表明:基因型是限制小孢子胚发生的主要因素.适宜取材的花蕾大小为2.5～4.0mm,瓣药比为2/3 ～7/6,盛花期是取蕾的适宜时期;培养基大量元素减半和添加适量活性炭均可显著提高胚状体诱导率,但对于难出胚基因型没有起到诱导出胚的作用;胚状体的诱导和萌芽需要植物生长调节剂NAA和6-BA的参与,适宜的胚状体诱导培养基为NLN-13+0.2mg· L-1 6-BA+0.1mg·L-1 NAA,胚状体诱导率为38胚/10蕾,适宜的胚状体生芽培养基为MS+0.4mg·L-16-BA +0.1mg·L-1 NAA+3％蔗糖+0.7％琼脂,芽诱导率达46.7％.     

Double haploids,markers and QTL analysis in vegetable brassicas

Double haploid (DH) plants of Brassica spp. can be produced via anther culture or culture of microspores. This paper reviews the uses of double haploids in crop improvement research in vegetable brassicas (B. oleracea). Applications of DH lines are described for breeding; construction of linkage maps; genetic analysis of quantitative traits and capturing genetic variation. The advantages and disadvantages of DH lines are discussed     

影响白菜游离小孢子培养关键因素分析

对影响白菜游离小孢子培养的关键因素进行分析研究。单因素研究结果表明: 54个基因型之间的小孢子胚诱导率差异显著; 对供体材料低温处理, 在0～5 d范围内小孢子胚诱导率差异不大, 超过5 d则明显降低; 高温诱导在12～60 h范围内差异不大, 超过此范围则小孢子胚诱导率明显降低; NLN培养基中添加生长素(NAA) 和细胞分裂素(6-BA) 对小孢子胚诱导率影响不大, 添加的浓度过大时小孢子胚诱导率反而降低; 活性炭的有无和浓度大小对小孢子胚诱导率影响极大。通过基因型、生长素、细胞分裂素、活性炭4因素分析表明: 基因型之间差异显著, 活性炭不同浓度之间差异显著; 基因型与活性炭不同浓度之间的互作差异显著; 其它的5个一级互作、4个二级互作和1个三级互作差异均不显著。     

The culture of isolated microspores of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) and the importance of genotype to embryo regeneration

The culture of isolated microspores of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) was studied including the importance of genotype to embryo regeneration, medium composition chiefly the sucrose concentration and the use of colchicine, simultaneously medium renovation. It was initiated using 29 different genotypes as donor plants. Embryos were induced from six of the kale genotypes and these corresponded to the more out-bred genotypes. Embryogenesis was achieved using four different combinations of culture media: (a) microspores initially cultured in NLN medium supplemented with 13% (w/v) sucrose (NLN-13) for 48 h, followed by transfer to fresh NLN-13 medium; (b) microspores cultured for 48 h in NLN-13 medium supplemented with colchicines (50 mg/L) followed by transfer to unsupplemented NLN-13 medium; (c) microspores cultured for 48 h in NLN-16 medium supplemented with colchicines (50 mg/L) followed by transfer to unsupplemented NLN-16 medium; (d) microspores cultured for 48 h in NLN-16 medium supplemented with colchicines (50 mg/L) followed by transfer to unsupplemented NLN-13 medium. The embryos obtained from four of the genotypes developed into plantlets and these regenerated plants have been successfully transplanted to soil.     

番茄雄性不育突变体小孢子发育的细胞学研究

利用光镜和透射电镜对番茄雄性不育突变体９５３０５的小孢子发育进行了细胞学观察。结果表明,小孢子的败育发生在小孢子母细胞时期、四分体时期以及单小孢子时期。绒毡层细胞行为异常,表现为小孢子母细胞时期提早被破坏解体,或绒毡层细胞多层径向分化,异常肥厚,挤压单核期的小孢子。此外败育方式还有单核中期小孢子无法进行外壁沉积,或小孢子的细胞质被降解成空壳,以及花药畸形,花药上长出许多附属物等异常现象。     

青萝卜游离小孢子培养体系优化

以12份不同基因型青萝卜品种为供试材料,采用游离小孢子培养技术,研究基因型、培养基类型、激素浓度配比、4℃冷处理时间及32.5℃热激处理时间对青萝卜小孢子胚诱导的影响,为青萝卜高频胚诱导提供参考依据,从而完善青萝卜游离小孢子培养技术体系.结果显示,在相同培养条件下,只有SX1、SX8与SX11三份材料获得了胚状体,其余...     

海南本地槟榔小孢子发生及雄配子体形成研究

采用常规压片法,对海南本地槟榔(Areca cathecu Linnaeus)小孢子减数分裂和雄配子体发育过程进行了研究,并将其不同发育阶段与花、花序的外部形态特征相联系,结果显示:海南本地槟榔小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂属于同时型,小孢子排列呈四面体状,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;花序外部形态与内部结构具有一定的对应关系。     

小孢子培养技术在青花菜上的应用

对11份青花菜材料进行小孢子培养的研究,成功获得了胚状体并诱导形成植株,其中绿秀出胚率高达每蕾25.28个胚,利用1%秋水仙素溶液处理再生植株进行染色体加倍,加倍率达24%。