Quantification and bioavailability of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in pasture soils

The recent identification of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in alkaline soil extracts by solution ³¹P NMR spectroscopy allowed us to investigate this compound in soils by re-analyzing spectra from two previously published studies. Concentrations of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in 29 temperate pasture soils from England and Wales ranged between 11 and 130 mg P kg⁻¹ soil and accounted for between 4 and 15% of the soil organic phosphorus. The ratio of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate to myo-inositol hexakisphosphate ranged between 0.29 and 0.79. In a 10 month pot experiment with six grassland soils from New Zealand, growth of pine seedlings (Pinus radiata D. Don) decreased scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations by between 10 and 46%. Growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) decreased scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in three low-nutrient soils by 5-21%, but increased it in three other soils by 11-16%. We conclude that scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate is an important component of soil organic phosphorus with potential ecological significance.     

肌醇对团头鲂幼鱼生长、血清生化及组织成分含量的影响

试验以初均重为（3.40±0.07）g的团头鲂幼鱼为研究对象,分别配置含肌醇水平为0 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg、800 mg/kg、1 600 mg/kg的6组等氮等能饲料,每组3个重复,连续投喂90 d后通过测定其生长指标、部分血清生化指标及肝脏和肌肉中的脂肪含量来评价饲料中的肌醇水平对团头鲂幼鱼的影响。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比,400 mg/kg肌醇添加组的末均重（FAW）、增重率（WGR）和特定增长率（SGR）显著增大（P〈0.05）;而饵料系数（FCR）却显著性降低（P〈0.05）;存活率,肝体比（HSI）、脏体比（VR）及肥满度（CF）差异不显著（P〉0.05）;（2）800 mg/kg试验组的血清葡萄糖、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白显著升高（P〈0.05）;甘油三酯水平显著降低（P〈0.05）;高密度脂蛋白无显著性差异（P〉0.05）; （3）400、800 mg/kg试验组的肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;而肌肉粗蛋白含量显著升高（P〈0.05）;肌肉中的水分、粗灰分无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。以鱼体特定增长率和饵料系数为评价指标,经折线模型回归分析得到团头鲂幼鱼饲料中肌醇的适宜添加量分别为294.4 mg/kg和284.9 mg/kg。     

Some potential inaccuracies of the p-nitrophenyl phosphomonoesterase assay in the study of the phosphorus nutrition of soil borne fungi

 The p-nitrophenol phosphomonoesterase assay (pNPPase) is commonly used to measure cell-wall-associated and extracellular phosphatase activity of soil fungi. pNPPases are usually assayed in the context of fungal nutrition, where inorganic P supply might be enhanced by the mineralisation of organic P sources in the soil. We report here on a series of experiments with the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum that highlight components of accepted methodology that might impinge on the reliability of the assay. These include the loss of pNPPase after filtration, inaccuracies in measuring wall-associated enzyme and the ample pool of intracellular pNPPase can be mistakenly measured as external pNPPase if cells are accidentally damaged. Received: 25 August 1999