山豆根基因组DNA高效提取方法的建立与优化

为了探寻优化山豆根DNA提取的方法,本研究以山豆根的叶片为材料,用3种改良的CTAB法提取山豆根DNA,并将提取的DNA经分光光度计和电泳检测,用于cpDNA引物筛选试验,找出最有效的山豆根DNA提取方法。结果显示,高PVP和β-巯基乙醇提取法和样品预处理法可用于提取山豆根基因组DNA。其中,样品预处理法山豆根DNA的效果最好,提取DNA浓度高、质量好,引物筛选结果条带清晰且单一。本研究建立了山豆根高质量的DNA提取方法,为进行分子生物学研究提供支持。     

Modelling productivity and resource use efficiency for grassland ecosystems in the UK

Estimating spatially resolved grassland productivity is essential for benchmarking the total UK productive potential to assess food, feed and fuel trade-offs in the context of whole systems analyses. Our objectives were to adapt and evaluate a well-known process-based model (PBM) and estimate productivity of improved (permanent, temporary) and semi-natural grassland systems using meta-models (MM) trained by extensive PBM scenario simulations. Observed dry matter (DM) yields in multi-site nitrogen (N) response (0, 150 and 300 kg N ha⁻¹) experiments were well emulated describing the average productivity of rough grazing, permanent and temporary grassland (3.1, 7.4 and 9.8 t DM ha⁻¹, respectively). Cross-validated with independent and long-term data (Park Grass Experiment), the PBM explained more variation when considering all systems combined (81%) than across all improved grasslands (61%) but little for rough grazing (26%). The PBM-trained MMs explained 48, 72 and 70% of the simulated yield variation in the grasslands of increasing management intensity, and 43 and 75% of observed variation in the combined improved and all three grassland systems, respectively. Considering the assessment of ecosystem services, like drainage and water productivity, PBM scenario simulations are essential. Compared to improved grassland rough grazing will result in 40% more groundwater recharge due to its lower simulated water use and water productivity (12 versus 25 and 43 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ for permanent and temporary grassland, respectively).     

三种杂交仔鹅的生长曲线拟合及在选配中的应用

运用Logistic、Gompertz和Bertallanffy 3种非线性模型对莱扬莱扬白鹅(LYLYB,莱扬白鹅与莱扬白鹅杂交后代)、莱扬白鹅(LYB,莱茵鹅与扬州鹅的杂交后代)、莱莱扬白鹅(LLYB,莱茵鹅与莱扬白鹅杂交后代)3种杂交后代的体重和体尺进行生长曲线拟合与比较分析。结果表明,3种杂交仔鹅3种模型的拟合度均高达0.99以上,都能很好地拟合仔鹅生长过程,以Logistic模型拟合度最高,根据实际饲养资料确定Logistic模型是拟合仔鹅生长的最优模型;以此模型估计3种杂交仔鹅体重和体尺的最大值发现,莱莱扬白鹅的生长速度最快,体重和体尺的增长均快于莱扬莱扬白鹅、莱扬白鹅。     

KEY MEASURES FOR ESTABLISHING THE FAST-GROWING AND HIGH-YIELD LARCH PLANTATIONS

Larchisoneofthemainspeciesforfast-growingandhigh-yieldplantationsinNortheastChina,especialIyLarixolgensisHerry-ItsmeanannualincrementcanevenreachlO.l-lO.6m3/hm2intheear1y3OyearsinrelativecoldYichunRegion.P1ant-ingfast-growingandhigh-yieldplanta-honsrequirehighqua1itysite.Buttherearetoolittlehighqualitysitetosatisfythede-mandoffast-growingandhigh-yieldplantationsinforestregionsofNortheastChina.MostoftheplantationshavetobeplantedonstublandofformerLarchplan-tations,Thus,#theeffectsofsecondr…     

抗病、优质、早熟大白菜"早心白"的选育

早心白是河北省农科院经济作物研究所(原蔬菜花卉研究所)培育的抗病、优质、早熟的大白菜杂交一代新品种。生长期58 d,株高45 cm,叶长40 cm,宽25 cm。外叶绿,成熟时似莲花状,叶球合抱,心叶白绿,鲜嫩,纤维少,适口性好。叶球重2 kg,净菜率75%,一般产量5 000~6 000kg/hm2。高抗病毒病、软腐病,耐热,是我国北方秋早熟大白菜种植的理想品种。     

生物微核监测技术的改良方法研究

[目的]对生物微核监测技术进行改良研究。[方法]针对当前生物微核监测技术中存在的一些问题,就蚕豆种子的选择、根尖长度对检测样品敏感度的影响以及显微制片过程中的固定和离析环节等多个方面进行了较为深入地研究。[结果]筛选出了微核本底数低的蚕豆种子成胡3号,并确立了其根尖用于监测试验的最敏感长度为1.05～1.10 cm,研制的改良固定离析液配方为无水乙醇∶冰醋酸∶浓盐酸=1∶125∶1,利用其可使得固定和离析2个环节一步完成,操作时间仅需4～5 min。[结论]改良后的生物微核监测技术具有监测速度快、试验结果稳定和操作简便的特点,易于广泛地推广和应用。     

兴安落叶松DNA提取-试剂盒改良法

[目的]寻找一种快速简便的兴安落叶松基因组DNA的提取方法。[方法]对DNA提取试剂盒进行改良,与原试剂盒法(离心柱)进行比较,并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、蛋白核酸测定和ISSR-PCR对所提取的总DNA进行检测。[结果]试剂盒改良法提取的总DNA纯度和浓度较高,电泳显示其主条带较清晰,无降解现象,A260/A280值为1.75～1.84。[结论]改良后的DNA提取方法更适合兴安落叶松基因组DNA的提取。     

四川省荣县油茶优良品种选育初报

经过4a的选育。选出6个优良品种,分别为川荣108、川荣151、川荣444、川荣476、川荣523、川荣241。本次选定的6个优良品种均具有高产、果粒较大、含油率高等生物学特性。已经通过了四川省林木品种审定委员会的审定。是荣县建设油茶良种繁育基地的主要繁殖材料,并开展了区域化栽培试验和品种对比试验,以为荣县13 333 hm2油茶基地造林做准备。     

不同肉牛品种杂交西门塔尔杂种牛效果的研究

为了研究不同肉牛品种杂交改良西门塔尔杂种牛的效果,筛选出产肉量高、肉质好、抗逆性强的品种杂交组合,为大规模开展杂交提供依据,试验采用红安格斯、利木赞、夏洛莱(法系)、德国黄牛4个品种牛,分别杂交西门塔尔杂种母牛,产犊后从每个杂交组合中选择11头断奶小公牛,在相同饲养管理条件下持续育肥至18月龄,并进行屠宰和肉质评定。结果表明:红安西杂组合杂交效果最好,其次是利西杂及夏西杂,德黄西杂组合杂交效果较差。说明在生产实际中,如果采用断奶小公牛持续育肥至18月龄时出栏、屠宰,应优先选择红安格斯×西门塔尔杂交组合。