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21.
A 3-year field study examined the effects of 1,3-dichloropropene or oxamyl on tuber yields in four early- and five late-maturing potato cultivars. The nematicide treatments increased total tuber yield by ≈ 12% for early-maturing cultivars, but by less than 2% for the late-maturing cultivars. The treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans ), which were the dominant plant parasitic nematodes at the site. Covariance analysis indicated that treatment effects on total tuber yield were no longer significant after adjusting for root lesion nematodes in soil at harvest, confirming that these nematodes had a direct effect on the host. As expected, there were significant inverse relationships ( P = 0·05) between total tuber yields and numbers of root lesion nematodes in soil and in roots. However, the application of nematicides in late-maturing cultivars was found to be of no practical value. Crop production systems designed to reduce or optimize pesticide applications can form one criterion in the development of more environmentally sensitive management strategies. The merit of utilizing chemicals for root lesion nematode control are considered with regard to cultivar maturity. 相似文献
22.
台湾本地种梅树的需冷量评估 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
欧锡坤 《北京林业大学学报》1999,21(2):72-76
台湾本地种梅树需冷量的评估方法是在本所比较桃关键栽培种(Keycultivars)与待评估梅品种间的花期早晚.由此方法评估结果暂定‘万山’及‘胭脂’梅的需冷量为100个低温单位(chilunit,CU),‘大青’、‘房炳雄’及‘桃形’梅约80CU,‘山连’约70CU.目前(1998年)正累积更多调查数据(已调查5a),以“试误法”进行梅树低温需求量电脑模式化的探讨 相似文献
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24.
Aerial photography provides a historical vehicle for determining long-term urban landscape change and, with concurrent daily streamflow and precipitation records, allows the historical relationship of anthropogenic impervious surfaces and streamflow to be explored. Anthropogenic impervious surface area in the upper Accotink Creek subwatershed (near Annandala, Virginia, USA) was mapped from six dates of rectified historical aerial photography ranging from 1949 to 1994. Results show that anthropogenic impervious surface area has grown from approximately 3% in 1949 to 33% in 1994. Coincident to this period, analysis of historical mean daily streamflow shows a statistically significant increase in the streamflow discharge response (per meter of precipitation) associated with normal and extreme daily precipitation levels. Significant changes were also observed in the frequency of daily streamflow discharge at given volumes above and below the historical daily mean. Simultaneously, the historical magnitude, frequency and pattern of precipitation values 0 mm, 6.0 mm and 35.0 mm show either no statistically significant change or influence on streamflow. Historical changes in streamflow in this basin appear to be related to increases in anthropogenic impervious surface cover. Historical aerial photography is a viable tool for revealing long-term landscape and ecosystem relationships, and allows landscape investigations to extend beyond the temporal and spatial constraints of historical satellite remote sensing data.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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26.
Repeated sequences of digitised and geo-referenced historical aerial photography provide a powerful means of understanding
landscape change. We use this method to demonstrate a landscape wide expansion of closed forest (42% increase in total coverage)
in the Australian monsoon tropics over the past five decades. Retrospective habitat suitability models (HSI) of closed forest
derived using four landscape measures (drainage distance, slope angle, aspect and elevation) for imagery taken in 1947 correctly
forecast the subsequent spatial distribution of the expansion, with topographic fire protection primarily determining the
closed-forest distribution. The dynamics of the closed forest-savanna boundary were predicted accurately by generalised linear
models, with closed-forest expansion in fire-protected sites along forest edges and regression in the more fire-prone areas.
Two factors may plausibly explain the expansion of closed forests. First, eco-ethnographic records stress the skilful use
of fire by Aboriginal people in protecting isolated and locally resource-rich closed-forest patches. Second, the recent global
increase in atmospheric CO2 may be changing the competitive balance between savanna and forest by enabling C3 trees to grow fast enough to escape the fire trap presented by flammable C4 grasses. 相似文献
27.
Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study phylogenetic relationships among 33 citrus genotypes including several undefined local or native varieties as well as some known varieties in the Fars Province of Iran. 相似文献
28.
There is little available information on the effects of temperature and CO2 enrichment on stomata anatomical characteristics of plants. Effect of these two microclimates was studied on five rose (Rosa spp.) cultivars, viz. ‘First Red’ (used as check), ‘Arjun’, ‘Raktima’, ‘Raktagandha’ and ‘Pusa Pitamber’. Budded, single-stemmed rose cultivars having five lateral buds were grown in controlled environment growth cabinets under enriched CO2 (1000 μmol mol−1) and optimum (28/18 °C, T0) or high (35/25 °C, T1) temperature for 50 days. All observations were made on the abaxial leaf surface. Significant increases in stomatal density (68.7%), index (29.6%) and epidermal cell density (37.3%) were recorded in plants grown at high temperature over control with CO2 enrichment. The cultivars responded differently in terms of length and width of guard cell and stoma (pore) under high temperature, however, the values averaged over treatments showed a significant reduction in these parameters. Further, number of stomata per leaf was higher (28.3%) in plants grown at high temperature, except First Red. A reduction in mean leaf area (26.7%) and dry mass (32.0%) was recorded at high rather than optimum temperature. The specific leaf area was maximum in Arjun (87%) while in First Red, a 14% reduction was noted at high temperature. 相似文献
29.
采用火棉胶印膜法,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对不同抗旱类型大豆叶片气孔特性的影响.结果表明:经水分胁迫的大豆叶片气孔密度增加,气孔开口大小和单位叶面积气孔相对面积减小.但不同抗旱类型大豆品种间表现不同,气孔密度变化幅度大小顺序依次为:弱抗品种(A3)>中抗品种(A2)>抗旱品种(A1),调节气孔开张能力大小顺序依次为:抗旱品种(A1)>中抗品种(A2)>弱抗品种(A3). 相似文献
30.
选用晋大62×诱处4号杂交亲本和后代群体为试验材料,通过微卫星(SSR)标记分析,利用SPSS软件对其进行了聚类分析,探讨了亲本及后代群体间的遗传特性和亲缘关系,研究了大豆群体的遗传多样性,为大豆杂交育种亲本的选配、杂交后代的筛选、种质创新及大豆遗传多样性研究提供了理论和实践依据。结果表明,以亲本的基因组DNA为模板,选用40对不同的引物进行电泳共筛选出23对位于多条染色体上的差异引物,其多态性比例为55.0%。通过聚类分析所有材料可聚类为以下几类:母本晋大62(CK1)和后代6~13号材料聚为第一大类,父本诱处4号(CK2)和后代25~31号材料聚为第二大类,而1~5、14~20聚为第一小类,21~24、32~35聚为第二小类,这两小类材料与亲本的亲缘关系较远。 相似文献