不同增温措施对西南山区春玉米产量的影响

对西南山区春玉米采用起垄直播覆膜、起垄覆膜育苗打孔移栽、起垄直播覆膜再加苗期拱棚双增温3种增温措施,研究不同增温措施对春玉米生育期、叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配及产量的影响。试验结果表明,3种增温措施使春玉米的生育时期提前,缩短生育期17～19d,提高春玉米不同生育时期叶面积指数,增加"光合源",提高干物质积累及最终向子粒库的转运(收获指数),增产幅度分别达11.48%、9.85%和14.93%,提高经济效益分别达571元/hm2、164元/hm2和256元/hm2。综合以上试验结果,西南山区春玉米生产栽培中以起垄直播覆膜为宜。     

盐分、温度及其互作对甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同盐分(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)、温度(18、30、42℃)及其二者互作对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在相同温度下,随着盐浓度的增加,种子发芽率和幼苗生长量(侧根数、茎粗和根长)均有下降的趋势.30℃下,NaCl溶液对种子萌发抑制最小,浓度达到200 mmol/L时,仍有58％的种子萌发,18℃下,对种子萌发抑制作用最大,NaCl溶液浓度为150 mmol/L时,种子萌发被完全抑制;在同一NaCl溶液浓度下,甜瓜幼苗生长量表现为30C＞42℃＞18℃.盐分、温度及其二者互作对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的影响.低温比高温与盐分胁迫互作对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长影响明显,甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长对盐分的响应依赖于温度的变化,抑制作用表现为:18℃＞42℃＞ 30℃.     

贮藏温度和包装方式对红富士苹果贮藏效果的影响

以红富士苹果为试材,分别于0℃和冰温条件下,研究了不同包装材料及保鲜剂对红富士苹果采后贮藏保鲜期间品质变化的影响。结果表明,在冰温条件下,"微孔保鲜袋+高效乙烯吸收剂"和"保鲜袋+化学吸收剂"2种贮藏方式效果最好,延缓了果肉硬度及可溶性固形物(TSS)的下降速率,贮藏8个月仍能保持良好的品质。     

玉米生料发酵生产酒精的研究

采用低温淀粉酶对玉米生料发酵酒精技术进行研究,结果表明,在玉米粉碎度为40目,活性干酵母加量0.3%时,玉米淀粉生料发酵制备酒精的最佳工艺条件为:初始底物质量分数为30%,发酵温度30℃,搅拌转速为75 r/min,自然初始pH值,低温淀粉酶加量为200 U/g(液化酶100 U/g,糖化酶100 U/g),在此条件下,发酵醪的酒精体积分数达到16.4%。     

1-MCP对青脆李亚低温贮藏期间生理生化及品质的影响

以四川茂县青脆李为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对亚低温(8±0.5℃)条件下青脆李的生理生化及其贮藏期间果实品质变化的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理可显著抑制青脆李果实的呼吸作用和乙烯的释放速率,并降低两者的峰值;可保持果实细胞膜的完整性,降低PPO活性和酚类物质的消耗,减少褐变。其中以1.0μL.L-1浓度的1-MCP处理能够更有效地保持果实的质地与风味,亚低温条件下贮藏28 d,褐变指数为0,腐烂指数为5.3,显著好于对照和其他浓度的1-MCP处理,延长果实保鲜期达到20 d。     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

CCD radiation temperature measurement method for hot continuous casting billet surface

According to the present research status and existing problems of hot continuous billet surface temperature non contact measurement technology, a real time temperature measurement model, which combines two-color(R,G) and monochrome (B) of surface radiation image, is established. The surface image is collected through tricolor charge coupled device (CCD) sensor, at the same time, the temperature dynamic response range of CCD can be improved by controlling integrated time and setting different apertures. Through computer image process technology, multi-point temperature can be measured simultaneously, and 2-D temperature field distribution on continuous casting billet surface can be realized. It is be proved by theory and application that the model and method can provide a theory and technology support for realizing surface temperature field on-line measurement for continuous casting billet.     

Effect of cooling rate on high temperature mechanical properties of weathering steel

High temperature mechanical properties are key factors which affect fracture production during deforming process of continuous casting. High temperature properties of weathering steel Q450NQR1 are tested in 3 cooling rates (1.65, 5, 10 ℃/s) using Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. Specimens appear austenite dynamic recrystallization at 1 050 ℃, and the ductility reaches the lowest point and the reduction of area approaches 23% at 850 ℃ in 3 cooling rates. As the cooling rate increases, the low ductility area where cracks are easy to be produced in slabs is enlarged and extended towards low temperature, and the ductility troughs are deepened. The increase of the cooling rate decreases the tensile stress and yield stress, while when the cooling rate increases to some degree, it doesn’t affect the stress. The low cooling rate decreases the film or network ferrite producing in austenite grain boundary, and the carbonitride of microalloy is enwrapped in matrix, which is helpful to improve the ductility of steel.     

Development of HRB500E seismic grade rebars by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process

In order to reduce the production cost of HRB500E seismic grade rebars, promote its production and application, HRB500E seismic grade rebars are developed by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process in domestic steel plant. The mechanism and effect of precipitation strengthening and fine-grain strengthening, the relationship between termination temperature after controlled cooling and mechanical properties of rebars, microstructure, welding and aging properties, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties for rebars are researched by using metallographic microscopy, scaning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction apparatus, flash-butt welding, materials testing machine and mechanical properties testing. The results show that V(C,N) precipitation amount accounts for 66.67% of the total amount of vanadium by adding VN alloy in liquid steel, effect of microalloy precipitation strengthening is remarkable; when termination temperature after controlled cooling is controlled at 680～710 ℃, the amount of strength surplus for rebars is more than 25 MPa, R m/ R eL ratio is greater than 1.26, uniform elongation ( A gt) is more than or equal to 11.5%, good effect of fine grain strengthening and seismic performance are obtained; rebars have some good features such as low strain aging, good welding performance, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties; compared with VN microalloyed and hot-rolled process,the production cost is reduced by RMB 82 Yuan/t, and economic benefit is obvious.     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.