取代脲类和二苯基醚类除草剂的表面光化学相互作用研究

应用高效薄层析方法研究了１１种取代脲类除草剂和３种二苯基醚类除草剂自然光源下薄态的光化学相互作用。结果表明,２类除草剂在光上可相互产生强烈的光敏化效应,１１种脲昌剂大多数不稳定性较强,分别与消草醚事照光后,光解迅速加强。消草醚地１１种奕除草剂４ｈ光敏效率分别达８０．４％至５５．８９％。３种醚类除草剂对绿麦隆的光敏疚炎消草醚〉治草醚〉虎威。１１种脲类除草剂对消草醚均种醚类除草剂对缘麦降珠光敏交谈 消     

大豆田主要杂草的综合防除及除草剂安全合理施用技术

根据最新研究结果，系统阐述了我国大豆田杂草的种类分布与危害、农业防除措施、化学防除技术以及大豆田常用除草剂的安全性与混合使用技术等，对我国大豆田杂草的防除具有重要的理论价值和实际指导意义。     

除草剂对红小豆田杂草防效的研究

试验采用随机区组设计的方法,研究了适合于红小豆田的化学除草技术。研究结果表明,收乐通作为茎叶处理剂,对红小豆田禾本科杂草防效达100%,且对红小豆安全,另外,高效盖草能、拿捕净、威霸、精稳杀得对红小豆也安全并且防效都在90%以上,是红小豆田安全有效的除草剂。本试验中尚未发现茎叶处理剂中对红小豆安全且对阔叶杂草防效较高的除草剂。在除草剂的土壤处理中,禾耐斯(1 500 mL)+赛克(750 g)+水(750 g)是一种理想配方,对红小豆安全,且对阔叶杂草的防效也好(>80%);对红小豆安全且对禾本科杂草防效较好(>77%)的处理为90%禾耐斯。     

Metabolism of the herbicides chlorotoluron, diuron, linuron, simazine, and atrazine by CYP1A9 and CYP1C1 from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

Through the use of a number of bioconversion experiments we demonstrated that P450 proteins (CYP1A9 and CYP1C1) from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) metabolized a number of herbicides and the drug phenacetin. We performed bioconversion experiments in which substrates were added directly to incubation medium. The resulting metabolites were extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Proteins CYP1A9 and CYP1C1 metabolized 50 nmol of the drug phenacetin to yield 12.1 and 1.1 nmol of product (acetaminophen), respectively. Further incubation of CYP1A9 with 50 nmol of the herbicides chlorotoluron, diuron, linuron, simazine, or atrazine yielded 16.5, 18.5, 7.3, 1.6, or 0.8 nmol of product, respectively. CYP1C1 also metabolized linuron, diuron, and simazine yield 5.4, 4.6, or 0.7 nmol of product, respectively. Next, polyclonal antibody was isolated by immunizing with two conjugated-peptides (amino acid residues 272–290 and 294–310) of CYP1A9. This antibody did not recognize human CYP1A2 or CYP1C1. Western blotting using the antibody revealed one band in the livers of Japanese eel and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Theses results suggest that CYP1A9 and CYP1C1 metabolize herbicides, and that CYP1A9 is an useful biomarker of contamination when detected with this antibody.     

防治节节麦的除草剂筛选研究

在节节麦不同生育时期用药,对精噁唑禾草灵、异丙隆、甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆进行了除草效果研究.结果表明,甲基二磺隆在节节麦3叶期前用药,推荐剂量下防效80%左右.节节麦叶龄对甲基二磺隆的防效呈明显负相关,甲基二磺隆对分蘖后节节麦的防效仅为35%～40%,因此对冬小麦田禾本科杂草应掌握秋季防治.     

不同除草剂单独相继使用和混合使用防除小麦田虉草的效果比较

草是小麦田的主要杂草 ,尤其是水稻—小麦复种田块发生较为严重。用异丙隆防除　草已有 2 0多年的历史 ,防治效果十分显著。但近来有研究表明　草已具有对异丙隆的抗性。本试验研究了不同除草剂单独相继使用与混合使用对该杂草的防治效果。结果表明 ,播后 60 d,出苗前喷施氟乐灵和第一次灌水后喷施异丙隆的处理 ,除草效果最佳 ,而在成熟期 ,第一次灌水后喷施噻黄隆的处理具有与以上处理同样的防治效果。虽然使用异丙隆的处理产量最高 ,但一些除草剂单独相继使用也具有很好的杂草防治效果 ,小麦产量显著高于未用除草剂的对照。作者认为 ,在　草防治上存在有异丙隆抗性的地区 ,可以使用本研究中的一些除草剂     

除草剂土壤处理对旱直播稻田杂草的防除效果

[目的]筛选对旱直播稻田杂草具有较好防除效果的土壤封闭除草荆。[方法]研究了4种除草剂土壤封闭处理对旱直播稻田阔叶草、禾本科杂草、莎草的防除效果。[结果]除360g／L异嗯草松CS（广灭灵）对秧苗前期生长有点影响外,50％二·苄·异WP、35％丙·苄WP、42％丁·恶EC对水稻安全性较好。4种药剂对旱直播稻田杂草有较好的防效,药后45d,50％二·苄·异WP1500、1800g／hm^2 2个处理对禾本科杂草的株防效为92．31％～94．51％,对阔叶草的株防效为93．48％^-97．19％,对莎草的株崎效为97．44％～97．68％;35％丙·苄WP1200g／hm。对莎草的株防效为97．4‘4％;42％丁·恶Ec1650ml／hm^2对禾本科杂草的株防效为97．80％;360g／L异嗯草松CS750ml／hm^2对禾本科杂草的株防效为98．90％,但对阔叶草和莎草只有抑制作用。[结论]为旱直播稻田杂草的有效防除提供了理论依据。     

Effect of metribuzin, butachlor and chlorimuron-ethyl on amino acid and protein formation in wheat and maize seedlings

Application of the recommended field dose of metribuzin, butachlor and chlorimuron-ethyl to 10-days-old wheat and maize seedlings differentially reduced shoot fresh and dry weights during the following 16 days. Metribuzin was the most reductive while butachlor was the least. The herbicides slightly affected the activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.7.1) but greatly inhibited glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT, EC 1.4.7.1) activities. Meanwhile, there were significant accumulations of ammonia and soluble-N accompanied by diminutions in total-N and protein contents; metribuzin exerted the greatest changes. Additionally, aliphatic, aromatic and total amino acids in both species were mostly elevated by the three herbicides; however, valine, leucine and isoleucine were decreased by only chlorimuron-ethyl. These results could conclude that herbicides, particularly metribuzin, cause a shortage in ammonia assimilation and subsequently a decrease in protein formation. Moreover, the elevation of soluble-N and amino acids appeared to result from breakdown of the pre-existing protein, a state that seemed consistent in seedlings treated with metribuzin and, to some extent chlorimuron-ethyl but recovered in those treated with butachlor.     

越冬之星苜蓿苗期除草剂筛选及杂草防除

[目的]筛选出对越冬之星苜蓿苗期生长安全的除草剂,并确定其防除效果,为苜蓿田杂草的防治提供依据。[方法]选用9种除草剂对苗期越冬之星苜蓿田进行除草剂筛选及杂草防除试验。[结果]不同除草剂对其生长发育、防除效果及增产效果都有一定影响,影响程度因除草剂种类与剂量不同存在差异,金普施特的综合表现最佳,能够同时防除大部分阔叶杂草和单子叶杂草。[结论]金普施特可在越冬之星苜蓿田大面积生产中推广应用。     

佳木斯地区肇东苜蓿田土壤处理除草剂的筛选

[目的]筛选佳木斯地区肇东苜蓿无药害除草剂品种和使用方法。[方法]通过土壤处理除草剂小区试验研究6种除草剂处理对肇东苜蓿分枝期苗情和草情的影响。[结果]6种土壤处理除草剂对阔叶杂草均有抑制或杀灭作用,对禾本科杂草也有一定防效。对肇东苜蓿无药害的药剂处理有75%阔叶散悬浮剂播后苗前喷雾,药害较轻的有5%普施特水剂播后苗前喷雾。对肇东苜蓿干草产量影响较小的为5%普施特水剂播后菌前喷雾和75%阔叶散悬浮剂播后菌前喷雾。[结论]肇东苜蓿无药害除草剂品种和使用方法推荐5%普施特水剂播后苗前喷雾。