施肥处理对老芒麦种子质量和产量的影响

在河北省坝上地区鱼儿出牧场中国农业大学科技攻关实验站内，以种植2种和3年的老芒麦为试验材料，通过施肥处理（尿素130kg/hm^2＋磷酸二铵70kg/hm^2），研究测定种子产量和质量的变化。试验结果表明：施肥可以提高不同种植年限老芒麦种子产量，但对老芒麦种子质量的影响不一致，可明显提高种植第3年的种子质量，在种子活力测定中，加速老化测定、脱氢酶活性和酸性磷酸酯酶活性测定能较好地反映施肥对种子质量的影响，而活力指数、电导率值和浸种液含糖量测定结果变化不大，无法表现种子质量的变化。     

The Influence of Genotype–Environment Interaction on the Grain Yields of 10 Pigeonpea Cultivars Grown in Kenya

To study the importance of the effects of genotype–environment interactions on the yield of pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.), 10 early-maturing genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a total of seven environments spread over five regions of Kenya between 1987 and 1988. Results indicated the presence of a substantial genotype–environment interaction effect on grain yield. The observed significant genotype–environment interaction effect is discussed in relation to its importance in pigeonpea grain yield evaluation studies. It is noted that the best genotype in one environment is not always so in other environments. Results from regression analysis indicated that this method of analysis is appropriate for describing the response of pigeonpea genotypes grown in a number of locations. Analysis of variance showed significant additive and multiplicative genotype–environment interaction effects. Only the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA) was found to be important in describing the multiplicative interaction effects. The additive main effects and multiplicative effects (AMMI) model allowed the partitioning of interaction variance into agronomically important sources (genotype groups), and the specific genotype × environment patterns that are the basis of these sources of variance were examined.     

播量和行距对紫羊茅种子产量的影响

本研究是在呼和浩特市的自然条件下，对紫羊茅种子产量在不同播种量和不同行距情况下进行了试验。结果表明，紫羊茅的最适播量７．５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，行距为３０ｃｍ，在此播种体系中种子产量平均可达６６２．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

Tomato Production and Soil Salt Distribution under Line-Source Trickle Irrigation1

Yield of red cherry tomatoes and soil salt distribution as affected by different amounts and salinities of irrigation water was studied in a field plot experiment during the summer of 1988 at Utah State University. Four different amounts of fresh water and two amounts of saline water were imposed with line source trickle irrigation on a sandy loam soil in lysimeters. Tomato yield and seasonal evapotranspiration increased in a linear fashion with increasing irrigation water. Tomato yields with fresh water (EC = 0.33 dS/m) were significantly higher than with saline (EC = 4.0 dS/m) water. There were no significant differences in seasonal evapotranspiration between the two salinity levels with two levels of deficit irrigation. Soil water depletion and availability decreased as the soil water salinity increased. Soil water salinities increased with both vertical and horizontal distance from trickle lines and reached a maximum at the bottom of the wetted area and between trickle lines.     

黄土高原地形对苜蓿种子产量和质量的影响

对产自甘肃环县黄土高原沟壑区阴坡，阳坡、沟谷阶地和塬地4种地形的苜蓿种子产量和质量进行了研究分析，结果表明，地形对种子产量和质量均有显著影响，其中，阴坡种子产量最低，分别为1．86g/株和311．74kg/hm^2，阳坡单株种子产量最高，为6．41g/株，塬地单位种子产量最高，为650．65kg/hm^2，质量最低种子也产自阴坡，其发芽率只有23％，硬实率却高达66％，地形对种子产量构成因素无显著影响，4种地形的种子产量与其构成因素的相关性完全一致，即除千粒重外，种子产量与其他各因素均存在显著正相关，相关性强弱依次为：单株生殖枝数＞每生殖枝荚果数＞每荚粒数＞千粒重，单株生殖枝数对种子产量贡献最大。     

Ertragsstruktur alter und neuer Winterweizensorten unter dem Aspekt der Einlagerung und Remobilisation von Fruktanen im Weizenhalm

Yield components in old and new german winter wheat varieties with respect to the storage and remobilization of fructan in the wheat stem
Yield components and changes in carbohydrate content of four old german winter wheat varieties, bred before 1950, were compared with six new varieties over two years in field trials. In both years the old varieties built up more biomass than the new varieties. In the latter a better harvest-index (0,56) as compared to the old varieties (0,43) was obtained, resulting in higher grain yields for the new varieties. Changes in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content were mainly due to variations in fructan content. Maximum of fructan content was mostly reached at the stage of early milk ripeness. In the new varieties a faster and more complete remobilization of fructan occurred; especially in the year with the short grainfilling period.     

广西超级稻研究现状及育种对策

目前,广西推广应用的超级稻品种大多是由外省引进,生育期偏长,市场潜力未能充分发挥,而区内自育品种抗性相对较差,米质不够优。“十一五”期间,广西超级稻的育种策略应是:坚持亚种重穗,进一步改良株型,适当增加叶面积;通过育种和栽培手段,增强生理协调性,提高经济效益和日产量。产量突破的关键是扩库、增源、畅流。主要选育指标为:株高120~130cm,茎秆坚韧,抗倒力强;穗长26~30cm,穗粒数230粒、穗重5g左右;叶厚直,剑叶长40~50cm;生育期130d;抗稻瘟病、白叶枯病;米质达国标二级标准;产量,近期目标为10500~12000kg/hm2,远期目标13500kg/hm2以上。     

Function of controlled release fertilizer in maintaining high agronomic use efficiency and minimizing environmental pollution in rice field of southern China

Development and use of controlled release fertilizer （CRF） in southern China, potential advantages of CRF in increasing rice yield and nutrient use efficiency were introduced, as well as its role of minimizing rice field＇s environmental contamination was discussed. Meanwhile, some suggestions were proposed.     

The Influence of Plant Water Stress on Net Photosynthesis and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The effect of plant water stress on net photosynthesis, leaf growth, yield and yield-related components were investigated in a single experiment in order to determine in which way water deficits affect sunflower yields.
Sunflower plants, grown under controlled temperature regimes, were stressed during budding, anthesis and seed filling by withholding water until the leaf water potential reached -1600 and -2000 kPa. Leaf area of unstressed plants significantly exceeded that of plants under severe stress during all growth stages investigated. The CO₂ uptake rate per unit leaf area as well as the total uptake rate per plant, significantly diminished with stress, while this effect drastically increased during the reproductive phase of the plant. Although this resulted in significantly smaller heads and kernels, it did not affect the number of seeds borne in the inflorescence. Severe stress during anthesis and seed filling resulted in more empty kernels. Moderate and severe stress during budding significantly lowered both grain and oil yields while plants that experienced moderate stress during anthesis and seed filling significantly outyielded those under severe stress.