不同公母配比对提高豪猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同公母配比对提高豪猪产仔数、存活数等繁殖性能的影响。选取2岁左右、胎次及产仔数相近的成年豪猪92只(32公60母),随机分为5组,每组4个重复,分别按1公1母、1公2母、1公3母、2公5母、3公4母搭配分成5种试验方案,各组采用相同的日粮进行饲喂,经过1年的试验,期间记录各组豪猪的流产母豪猪数、产仔母豪猪数、产仔数、食仔数、成活仔豪猪数。结果表明:5种不同的公母搭配中,公母配比为1公2母的产仔率和仔豪猪的成活率分别达到了87.50%、94.12%,平均产仔数为2.13只,繁殖性能和经济效益最理想。     

线茸毒蛾质型多角体病毒病的初步研究

线茸毒蛾(Dasychira grotei Moore),在福建南平、三明一带为害法国梧桐、重阳木、月季、樟树等植物。1984年9～10月室内饲养线茸毒蛾幼虫时,发现罹病致死,死虫腹足紧贴叶片或培养皿上。同时,在林间、行道树上也发现病死幼虫,呈典型的病毒症状,经鉴定是一种质型多角体病毒(CPV),本病毒在国内外均未见报道,为我们首先分离获得。     

Genital Disorders,Linear and Testicular Characteristics in Menz Rams

Clinical examination, bodily condition score (BCS), heart girth (HG), body length (BL), wither height (WH), and scrotal circumference (SC) were assessed on 486 mature Ethiopian Menz rams, on small farms, in local markets, and at the main abattoir in Addis Ababa from December 1994 to April 1995. Almost 27% of the rams were found to be unfit for breeding. Poor general condition, mainly in the form of respiratory disorders, was seen in 1.2% of the rams. Balanoposthitis, epididymitis and orchitis were the most common pathological conditions, affecting the external reproductive organs in 14.6%, 4.5% and 4.1% of the rams, respectively. Testicular calcification, cysts and testicular haemorrhagic lesions were detected in 4, 6 and 8, respectively, of the 60 rams examined at necropsy. The BCS, HG, BL and WH averaged 2.1±0.5, 67.7±5.0 cm, 60.1±4.5 cm and 60.1±4.3 cm, respectively. The mean SC was 25.5±3.9 cm and did not vary significantly with age (p>0.05). Among the linear body measurements, the highest correlation was between BL and WH (r = 0.66). SC was found to be most closely correlated to HG (r = 0.46). More investigations into the relationship between the present findings and actual fertility, and on their practical application in the selection of rams for breeding is recommended.     

赤眼蜂寄生行为研究（Ⅳ）—子代数量分配和子代性分配

本文在对赤眼蜂性控行为研究的基础上〔3〕,进一步探讨了不同种赤眼蜂在同一种寄主不同分布以及同一蜂种(松毛虫赤眼蜂 Trichogramma dendrolimi)在不同种寄主上的子代数量分配和子代性分配问题。研究结果表明,赤眼蜂具有根据寄主卵体积大小分配及调整其子代数量和子代性别的能力,在不同体积的寄主上具有明显不同的子代数量安排策略和子代性安排策略。在同一种寄主卵上,不同种的赤眼蜂对子代性分配的安排存在着较明显的种间差异.在米蛾卵上,松毛虫赤眼蜂的第一雄卵主要在其第一产卵序产出,稻螟赤眼蜂的第一雄卵主要在其第二产卵序产出,拟澳洲赤眼蜂产第一雄卵的位置比较分散,主要分布在前三卵序。松毛虫赤眼蜂大约每产6粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵;稻螟赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂大约每产5.33和3.37粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵(见表2).寄主卵的体积不同,雌蜂在不同寄主上所分配的子代数量也明显不同。松毛虫赤眼蜂在每粒米蛾卵上只安排1粒蜂卵;在每粒马尾松毛虫卵上平均安排18.64粒蜂卵;在每粒“人造卵”上平均安排33.15粒,在柞蚕卵上平均安排77.43粒蜂卵(见表3)。随着寄主卵体积的增大,雌蜂产第一雄卵的时间后移,在松毛虫卵上,松毛虫赤眼蜂雌蜂在产下第一粒雄卵后,大约以每产16粒雌卵而产1粒雄卵;在柞蚕卵上,大约每隔15粒雌卵产1粒雄卵;在“人造卵”上,产雄卵的间隔大约为9粒雌卵。     

Functional male sterility (ps-2) in tomato (Lycopesicon esculentum Mill.) and its application in breeding and hybrid seed production

Data and findings concerning the development of an effective male sterility system (as already applied in the practice of producing tomato hybrid seed) through the use of the positional sterility (ps 2) gene are reported. Undesirable selfing and the necessity of emasculation are discussed as the two main disadvantages that limit the use of ps 2-sterile seed parents in tomato hybrid seed production. The following specific characteristics in the performance of ps 2-lines were evaluated: 1) the percentage of selfing in the ps 2-lines varies within and between the years of growing, being forever lowest during the period of hybrid seed production; 2) the percentage of selfed seeds when using a ps 2-line as seed parent in producing hybrid seed is significantly lower than the percentage of selfing, observed on this same line; 3) the ps 2-gene expressivity varies depending on the genotype. This enables the breeding of ps 2-lines exhibiting very low percentage of selfing; 4) stamen emasculation at anthesis (as applied in ps 2-lines) is significantly easier and more rapid than emasculation in floral buds. The easy maintenance of the sterile lines – by artificial selfing it is possible to produce 100% ps 2 progeny – and the high yield of hybrid seed obtained are discussed as important advantages in using this type of sterility in tomato hybrid seed production. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

植物杂种优势利用的一条新途径—细胞核+细胞质雄性不育(GCMS)

本文在综述了植物细胞核雄性不育和细胞质雄性不育优点和缺点基础上提出了植物杂种优势利用的一条新途径——细胞核十细胞质雄性不育,根据细胞核不育基因的显隐性、稳定性和细胞质雄性不育的稳定性不同,可以将该途径进一步分成显性细胞核+细胞质雄性不育、隐性细胞核+细胞质雄性不育、细胞核不育+生态型、细胞质雄性不育和细胞质不育+生态型细胞核雄性不育。     

玉米雄性不育突变体mi-ms-3的遗传分析及分子鉴定

Maize is one of the best crops in the utilization of heterosis. Male sterile lines are important germplasms for the hybrids production. A male sterile mutant named mi-ms-3 was obtained by screening in a mutator insertion library. The number of male anthers in tassel decreased and not exserted. There were few anthers with only two pollen sacs in the mutant tassels, and some of the anthers were degenerated to membranous and formed filaments at their ends. Although pollens in the anthers could be stained by I₂-KI, pollen shedding was abnormal and the number of pollen grains decreased. The number of silks in the ear of the mutant increased, and there was a sterile grain on both sides of the maturated kernel. Fertility of F₁ plants, which were obtained by hybridization between mi-ms-3 and maize inbred Mo17, was normal. Genetic analysis of F₂ population showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene. The candidate gene was preliminarily mapped on the long arm of chromosome 3 by BSA and it was located between a SSR marker and an Indel marker with a distance of 1.5 cM. There are 21 candidate genes in this region. It was finally found that the insertion mutation of Mu transposon occurred at 30 bp upstream of the coding region of zm00001d042618 (zmm16) by transponson tagging and sequencing analysis. The results showed that mi-ms-3 was a new allele of sts1, which caused by a single base mutation in the coding region. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of zmm16 in the mutant was decreased. The identification of the new allelic mutant of sts1 in this study would provide new materials for the study of flower development and hybrid seed production.     

以胞质雄性不育系配制的早熟秋甘蓝新品种‘中甘22''

‘中甘22’甘蓝以胞质雄性不育系CMS8180为母本,自交系7014为父本配制而成。该一代杂种秋季种植早熟性好,定植到收获约60d;叶球单球质量1．75kg,抗病毒病和黑腐病,不易裂球,品质优,适于华北、东北、西北地区早秋种植。