模糊ISODATA聚类分析在茶梢蛾为害类型划分上的应用

本文以与茶梢蛾种群发展相关的11个因子为指标,在主成分分析基础上,运用建立在模糊集合理论基础上的ISODATA聚类分析方法,对丘陵区茶梢蛾的为害类型进行了数量划分.划分结果客观、具体,与实际情况相符。     

中国10个地方鸡种卵壳超微结构研究及聚类分析

对中国 10个地方鸡种卵壳外表面、内表面、横断面和壳膜外表面、内表面的超微结构在扫描电子显微镜下进行了比较研究 ,从而看出鸡种间卵壳结构具有明显差异 ,中国地方鸡种具有遗传多样性。根据遗传距离较近的品种间卵壳的超微结构相似的理论 ,对 10个鸡种的形态结构进行了赋值 ,通过数值分类法进行了遗传相似度的计算和聚类分析 ,从而得出遗传距离最近的是白耳鸡和狼山鸡。     

试用特殊配合力进行玉米种质分类

采用 18个高配玉米自交系 ,按Griffing方法Ⅳ组配 153个杂交组合进行 1年多点试验 ,对子粒产量进行一般配合力 (GCA)和特殊配合力 (SCA)分析 ,直接以特殊配合力作为配合距离 ,按最短距离法进行聚类分析 ,其结果将 18个自交系分为 10类 :Ⅰ (Lancaster类 ) :Mo17、齐 30 2 ;Ⅱ (唐四平头类 ) :黄早 4、京 7黄、掖 515;Ⅲ (改良Reid类 ) :掖 8112、郑 32、铁 792 2 ;沈 50 0 3、掖 4 78;Ⅳ(旅大红骨类 ) :丹 340、E2 8;Ⅴ :综 31;Ⅵ :自 330 ;Ⅶ :掖 10 7;Ⅷ :获白 ;Ⅸ :掖 52 10 6 ;Ⅹ :矮金 52 5。并介绍了Griffing方法Ⅳ模型Ⅰ配合力及其与环境互作效应的数学模型和统计方法 ,根据SCA效应值和种质血缘对分类结果进行了分析     

茎瘤芥(榨菜)数量性状遗传差异研究

对23份茎瘤芥品种资源的15个数量性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:前5个主成分对变异的贡献率达85.32%,并筛选出6份综合性状表现优良的品种资源。23份品种资源被分为五类,配制组合宜在类间(D2>257.9)选择亲本。遗传差异的大小与品种的地理分布和熟性无直接联系。     

晋旱125×（昔野×501）大豆群体同工酶研究及聚类分析

选用晋旱125×(昔野×501)大豆杂交组合的后代群体选育的较稳定的四个有代表性的特殊类型为实验材料,对双亲及子代不同类型品种的POD酶和酯酶进行电泳分析,发现POD酶和酯酶谱存在明显差异,2种同工酶的酶带数分别为21和24条。同时采用DPS数据分析软件对这两类酶带谱进行聚类分析。最终从聚类树状图上根据遗传距离将亲本与子代清晰区别开来,结果显示:在POD酶和酯酶的聚类图上6个品种均被聚为两类,子代在遗传距离上偏向于母本晋旱125。     

利用SSR标记分析小麦骨干亲本“矮孟牛”及衍生品种（系）的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记研究了“矮孟牛”及其衍生品种（系）共计91份小麦材料的遗传多样性。20对SSR引物检测到120个多态性位点，每对引物多态性位点数平均为6．0个，变幅为3-9个。91份小麦材料遗传多样性GS变幅为0．411-0．961，遗传差异较大。UPGMA聚类分析将矮孟牛及其衍生品系分成四大类，能较好的反映品种（系）之间的遗传差异。矮孟牛亲本及矮孟牛七大类型一审定品种一衍生品系的遗传多样性指数变化呈逐渐上升趋势，但上升趋势逐渐减小，这与各育种单位反复利用矮孟牛及其衍生品种（系）有关；由矮孟牛与山农辐66、山农辐63为亲本杂交衍生出的材料较多，合理组配杂交亲本具有重要意义。     

芝麻品种主成分分析和遗传距离测定及其在杂交育种中的应用

对３１个芝麻品种进行了主成分分析及遗传距离测定和聚类分析，结果表明，３１个品种可分为１４类，在类群间（Ｄ＾２≥１２．５０）组配组合是有效的，类群内组配不利于遗传多样性和优良变异材料的选育。地理远缘品种在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘品种由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。     

南瓜种质资源亲缘关系的RAPD分析

南瓜是国内外广泛栽培的重要蔬菜作物之一,其种质资源十分丰富。开展南瓜的遗传多样性和亲缘关系的研究,有利于了解南瓜遗传多样性的分布和种质间的遗传关系,促进南瓜种质的收集和有效利用。以不同来源地、不同生态型的南瓜种质资源为试材,用CTAB方法从南瓜幼嫩叶片提取基因组DNA,用长度为10个碱基的寡核苷酸作RAPD引物进行PCR扩增反应。从260个随机引物筛选出26个多态性引物,对76份南瓜种质资源进行扩增,共扩增出255条带,其中多态性带为207条,多态性百分率为81.18%。表明南瓜种质资源遗传多样性丰富。聚类分析将供试材料分为3大类:中国南瓜、美洲南瓜和印度南瓜,种间差异明显。     

Genetic diversity of Brassica napus L. Germplasm from China and Europe assessed by some agronomically important characters

Summary The genetic diversity and relationships among 63 rapeseed accessions, including 34 Chinese, 22 Czech, 2 Swedish, 2 German, one French and 2 Canadian accessions, were evaluated by nine agronomically important characters in the field at Yangling, Shaanxi, China. Significant differences between Chinese and European group in plant height, setting position of the first primary branch, number of siliques of the terminal raceme, thousand seed weight and seed yield per plant were detected. There were significant variations in nine agronomic characters among the tested rapeseed accessions. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis distances on the raw data of nine agronomic characters clearly separated the European accessions from the Chinese ones. However, the Chinese accessions with erucic acid free and/or low glucosinolates could not be separated from those Chinese accessions with both high erucic acid and glucosinolates. In general, cluster analysis of the 63 accessions based on the selected agronomic characters was consistent with known pedigree information and geographic origin, as well as the previous RAPD results of these accessions. The European rapeseed could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of Chinese rapeseed, and vice versa.     

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Analysis of Diploid Coffee Species and Cultivated Coffea arabica L. from Tanzania

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate levels of genetic similarity among Coffea arabica L. accessions from Tanzania and to estimate levels of genetic similarities in C. arabica and diploid coffee species. The six ISSR primers used generated a total of 82 fragments and the dissimilarity values ranged from 0.21 to 1. Mean dissimilarity values between provenances (0.56–0.85) were higher than within provenances (0.37–0.68). Cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distances showed C. arabica provenances grouping based on geographical origin. Two major clusters were formed that constituted of provenances from Kilimanjaro and Arusha in one sub-cluster; Tanga and Morogoro in the other; the second cluster had Mbeya provenances and diploid species, respectively. The implication is that Mbeya provenances are different from the rest of Tanzanian C. arabica. A principal coordinate analysis (PCA), whose first three coordinates explained 43% of the variation, showed similar groupings as in the cluster analysis. A separate cluster analysis of diploid species showed a distinct separation of the three species used. ISSR data gave results similar to previous findings from random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis. The results also confirm the limited diversity present in cultivated C. arabica in Tanzania