几种化学试剂浸种对隔年茄子种子发芽力的影响

本试验着重从发芽率、发芽势两方面入手，用不同浓度的CaCl2，Na2B4O7，（NIL）6Mo7O24，KNO3，H2O2，vc，NAA，H2NCSNH2溶液对隔年茄子种子进行浸种处理，结果表明：Cacl2，Na2B4O7，（NIL）6MOT024可以不同程度的提高茄子种子的发芽率和发芽势，浓度为16．0g／L的cach的效果最好；Na2B4O7，〈NH4）6Mo7O024的处理效果低于CaCl2且规律不明显；KNO3，H202对茄子种子的萌发没有促进作用，NAA能使幼苗的下胚轴膨大，Vc，H2NCSNH2强烈的抑制茄子种子的发芽力。     

大豆化学诱变育种及其规律的研究

应用化学诱变剂处理大豆种子,对M_1代植株的生育及形态均有强烈的抑制作用.M_1代所产生的形态变异主要是由于化学物质扰乱了植株生理而产生生理损伤所致.在M_2代植株各性状中以分枝数、株高、单株荚数的遗传变异系数较大,说明这些性状选择的潜力是大的,通过选择容易达到预期目标.诱变M_3代绝大多数性状仍在分离.加强选择,能选出早熟、大粒、农艺性状好、丰产的新品系.     

天然气HCCI发动机燃烧和排放的CFD研究

利用耦合详细化学反应机理的CFD软件FLUENT对天然气HCC I发动机的燃烧和排放物的生成过程进行了模拟计算,计算的缸内压力和温度与实验值有较好的一致性。计算结果表明,狭缝是缸内碳氢(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)排放的主要来源。HC主要由燃料本身组成;CO和甲醛有相似的生成及分布规律。天然气HCC I稀薄燃烧可以得到极低的NOx排放。     

厌氧消化系统中硫酸盐对重金属化学形态的转化作用

本文对城市污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化过程中不同浓度的硫酸盐对铜、锌、镍三种重金属化学形态变化的影响进行了分析研究。结果表明，硫酸盐的存在能够促进污泥中重金属向稳定的硫化物形态转变。     

烟草成分对其品质影响程度的粗糙集判别方法

运用粗糙集理论研究了烟草主要化学成分 (总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氧化钾和氯离子 )对烟草品质影响程度的判别方法。对比已有的研究结果 ,表明基于粗糙集理论的计算方法简单 ,结果明了 ,而且还能量化烟草成分对品质的影响程度。     

几种化学药剂防治日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病研究初报

为明确化学防治对日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的防控效果,通过田间试验和室内PCR检测,评价应用化学杀虫剂防治Q型烟粉虱对日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的防控作用,并研究病毒抑制剂对日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的防控效果。试验结果表明,喷施杀虫剂防控Q型烟粉虱后日光温室番茄植株带毒率可降至3.00%。病毒抑制剂20%盐酸吗啉胍可湿性粉剂、0.5%葡聚烯糖可溶粉剂、30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂在试验条件下对番茄褪绿病毒病的防治效果为44.08%~52.63%,可在一定程度上减轻番茄褪绿病毒病的危害。     

Soil organic matter fractionation as a tool for predicting nitrogen mineralization in silty arable soils

After decades of searching for a practical method to estimate the N mineralization capacity of soil, there is still no consistent methodology. Indeed it is important to have practical methods to estimate soil nitrogen release for plant uptake and that should be appropriate, less time consuming, and cost effective for farmers. We fractionated soil organic matter (SOM) to assess different fractions of SOM as predictors for net N mineralization measured from repacked (disturbed) and intact (undisturbed) soil cores in 14 weeks of laboratory incubations. A soil set consisting of surface soil from 18 cereal and root‐cropped arable fields was physically fractionated into coarse and fine free particulate OM (coarse fPOM and fine fPOM), intra‐microaggregate particulate OM (iPOM) and silt and clay sized OM. The silt and clay sized OM was further chemically fractionated by oxidation with 6% NaOCl to isolate an oxidation‐resistant OM fraction, followed by extraction of mineral bound OM with 10% HF (HF‐res OM). Stepwise multiple linear regression yielded a significant relationship between the annual N mineralization (kg N/ha) from undisturbed soil and coarse fPOM N (kg N/ha), silt and clay N (kg N/ha) and its C:N ratio (R² = 0.80; P < 0.01). The relative annual N mineralization (% of soil N) from disturbed soils was related to coarse fPOM N, HF‐res OC (% of soil organic carbon) and its C:N ratio (R² = 0.83; P < 0.01). Physical fractions of SOM were thus found to be the most useful predictors for estimating the annual N mineralization rate of undisturbed soils. However, the bioavailability of physical fractions was changed due to the disturbance of soil. For disturbed soils, a presumed stable chemical SOM fraction was found to be a relevant predictor indicating that this fraction still contains bio‐available N. The latter prompted a revision in our reasoning behind selective oxidation and extraction as tools for characterizing soil organic N quality with respect to N availability. Nonetheless, the present study also underscores the potential of a combined physical and chemical fractionation procedure for isolating and quantifying N fractions which preferentially contribute to bulk soil N mineralization. The N content or C:N ratio of such fractions may be used to predict N mineralization in arable soils.     

生态环境中重金属的化学形态转化及影响因素研究

提出了环境中重金属的化学形态发生转化的2种途径,探讨了影响此转化过程的环境条件,包括pH、氧化还原电位和吸附质表面的键合作用等。     

Biological activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae) and its chemical constituents on Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Hispidae)

The results showed that the essential oil from Piper sarmentosum has strong antifeedant and toxicity effects on Brontispa longissima. The best antifeedant and contact toxicity effects were observed in the 1st-2nd instar larvae. The essential oil also displayed a notable fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. It took the control-treated insects 43.34 d to complete one generation, while the insects treated with 2000 mg/L essential oil needed 73.58 d. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 41 components were identified. Myristicin (65.22%) and trans-caryophyllene (13.89%) were the major components. Myristicin exhibited strong antifeedant and contact toxicity effects on both the 3rd instar larvae and the imagoes of B. longissima, when it showed a significant fumigation effect on the eggs and pupae of B. longissima. Another P. sarmentosum essential oil and myristicin all showed a strong inhibiting effect on the growth and development of B. longissima along with the activity of AChE, CarE, GSTs and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase in B. longissima larvae.     

木材表面非极性化原理的研究 Ⅱ.木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚过程中化学官能团和表面极性的变化

通过对杉木、杨木木材及其主要成分在与苯乙烯接枝共聚反应过程中化学官能团及临界表面张力变化的研究,探讨了木材各化学组成在接枝共聚过程中的反应性能和对木材表面极性的影响。研究表明:木材可与苯乙烯发生接枝共聚反应,反应只在木素和苯乙烯之间进行。木材与苯乙烯接枝共聚可降低木材临界表面张力,即降低木材表面自由能,从而有效地改善木材的极性。