鸡蛋提取物角蛋白及鸡蛋黄对兔伤口愈合的临床研究

为了探讨鸡蛋提取物角蛋白及鸡蛋黄对伤口愈合影响的临床研究,取健康家兔12只,随机分为A、B两组,每组6只,在每只家兔脊背两侧设试验伤口和对照伤口各1个,即同体不同部位对照试验;A组试验处伤口涂抹鸡蛋提取物角蛋白;B组试验处伤口涂抹生鸡蛋黄;A、B两组对照处伤口均未作任何处理。结果表明:A组和B组涂抹鸡蛋提取物角蛋白和生鸡蛋黄的伤口愈合时间比未做任何处理的伤口愈合快3～4 d,无论是愈合速度还是愈合效果均非常明显且伤口感染率减少,伤口愈合的疤痕减淡,外部更加美观自然,且能达到祛疤美容效果。     

珍珠鸡源IBDV的分离鉴定及其卵黄抗体的制备

从一群发病的珍珠鸡中分离到1株病毒,经鸡胚接种、琼脂扩散试验、PCR快速检测试验和病毒基因序列的测定,证实了所分离的病毒为IBDV。将该病毒制成灭活疫苗,接种开产的蛋鸡制备卵黄抗体。结果显示该卵黄抗体经免疫扩散试验测定抗体效价可达1∶256,符合无菌标准,对雏鸡也没有任何不良反应。临床试验表明:该卵黄抗体对该养殖场珍珠鸡的传染性法氏囊病的治疗有效率达91%、预防有效率达100%。     

哺乳动物精子获能的分子机制

精子获能是精子能够与卵母细胞发生顶体反应和受精的一个重要生理前提。精子获能的分子机制相当复杂,许多报道表明精子获能受到多种细胞信号途径的调控。尽管目前尚未完全明确,但是许多研究表明获能精子发生许多结构和生化变化,包括蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化、精子膜胆固醇外流、活性氧的产生及精子膜超极化,这些变化都有助于精子获能的发生。Ca2 和HCO3-通过对cAMP的调控有助于获能完成,葡萄糖、孕酮和肝素作为获能液的重要添加物,通过不同途径促发精子获能。文章从这些方面对获能做一综述,在此基础上提出以后的研究方向。     

日粮中添加角黄素和阿卜酯对母鸡产蛋性能和蛋黄颜色的影响

研究日粮中添加角黄素和阿卜酯及日粮总着色素量对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋黄颜色和1日龄雏鸡脚胫部皮肤着色的影响。按照3×3因子设计试验分为9个处理,每个处理70只蛋鸡,分别饲喂添加有角黄素(25mg、50mg和100mg)和阿卜酯(25mg、50mg和100mg)的日粮,试验42天。结果表明,日粮中添加角黄素明显降低产蛋率、蛋重和饲料报酬,对受精率无明显影响;添加阿卜酯可提高种蛋受精率,而对产蛋率、蛋重和饲料报酬无明显影响。角黄素和阿卜酯使蛋黄和1日龄雏鸡脚胫皮肤着黄色显著加深,蛋黄的黄色程度与日粮总着色素含量呈高度正相关(R=0.95),1日龄雏鸡脚胫部皮肤黄色程度与蛋黄的黄色程度呈高度正相关(r=0.96)。     

椰子油的生理活性(Ⅴ)：代谢与平衡

椰子油是热带地区主要的木本油料作物和食品能源,具有许多重要的生理功能。本文主要综述椰子油在调节血浆胆固醇、血脂,保护动脉,调节新陈代谢,改善体内氮平衡,胰腺分泌及维生素吸收和促进新生婴儿健康等对机体的生理活性作用。     

Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas

An 11‐year‐old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right‐sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperattenuating mass with peripheral mineralization in the rostroventral aspect of each lateral ventricle. The mare was euthanized due to a guarded to poor prognosis. On histopathology, the masses consisted of clusters of cholesterol clefts admixed with leukocytes, mineral deposits, and connective tissue. Cholesterinic granulomas of the lateral ventricles and hydrocephaly were diagnosed. Cholesterinic granulomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses presenting for intermittent blindness.     

卵黄抗体及其在重大动物疫病防治与诊断中的应用进展

卵黄抗体（Immunoglobulin of yolk,IgY）又称卵黄免疫球蛋白,具有产量高、成本低、利于生产、产生有效免疫反应所需抗原量小、免疫检测时有较高的敏感性、无副作用、性质稳定等优点,近年来对其研究越来越多,认识也越来越深入。本文就卵黄抗体的产生、结构、特点及其在猪瘟、猪蓝耳病、禽流感和口蹄疫等重大动物疫病防治与诊断中的应用进展作以综述。     

CDV免疫蛋鸡血清抗体与卵黄抗体的消长规律及其相关性分析

为了解产蛋鸡对犬瘟热病毒杭原的免疫反应及其血清抗体和卵黄抗体的消长规律及相关性,为制备卵黄抗体提供依据,将犬瘟热病毒接种Vero细胞和DF1细胞进行传代并测定其病毒滴度,选取细胞病变出现早,病毒滴度高的Vero细胞毒作为接种病毒抗原免疫蛋鸡。通过每10d进行蛋鸡免疫一次,四免后每30d加强免疫一次的方法进行免疫。免疫前和免疫后每10d采血分离血清和每5d收集鸡蛋提取卵黄抗体,用琼脂扩散法和间接ELISA法测定其抗体水平。结果显示,血清抗体比卵黄抗体的滴度高,两者间呈正相关性,卵黄抗体出现较血清抗体迟3～5d,卵黄抗体在三免后3～5d就已达到较高水平,此时即可开始收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体。     

The Effects of Centrifuged Egg Yolk Used with INRA Plus Soybean Lecithin Extender on Semen Quality to Freeze Miniature Caspian Horse Semen

The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of centrifuged egg yolk (EY) and soybean lecithin on post-thaw Caspian horse sperm motility, morphological abnormalities, and assessment of membrane integrity. The centrifuged EY (CEY) was added at concentrations of 2% and 4% to a defined INRA plus 1.25% soybean lecithin extender used to freeze Caspian horse semen. In this experiment, ejaculates collected from each Caspian horse (n = 4) were divided into three equal aliquots and diluted in CEY 2% (INRA2), 4% (INRA4) supplemented, and without any CEY (INRA0) in INRA plus 1.25% soybean lecithin extender, respectively. Thereafter, samples were frozen and thawed following a standard protocol. Sperm cryosurvival was evaluated in vitro by microscopy assessments of post-thaw sperm motility (by means of computer-assisted semen motility analysis [CASA]), acrosomal and other abnormalities (head, mid-pieces, and tail) and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated by HOST). In Caspian stallion, semen extended with INRA2 had significantly higher CASA motility and CASA progressive motility than those extended with the rest of extenders after freezing and thawing (P < .001). There was no significant difference in path velocity (VAP), VCL, and ALH among three groups (P > .05). For straight line velocity (P < .01) and LIN (P < .001), the highest values were obtained from the INRA4 group. The highest percentages of acrosomal and other abnormalities were found in semen diluted in INRA4 (P < .001). In the group frozen INRA2, the percentage of membrane integrity was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < .001). The use of CEY 2% in combination with soybean lecithin significantly improved Caspian horse semen freezability.     

Effects of dietary red pepper on egg yolk colour and histological intestinal morphology in laying hens

To evaluate the effect of three kinds of red pepper supplementation ‘Kagawa Hontaka’ produced at Shiwaku Islands (KHS), Miki (KHM) and Takanotsume (TKT) on production performance, egg quality and intestinal histology in laying hens. A total of 32 laying hens (39 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to four groups, each comprising eight hens. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with red pepper at 0% (control), 0.5% KHS, 0.5% KHM and 0.5% TKT, respectively. Compared with the control group, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in feed consumption, final body weight, hen‐day production, egg mass, feed efficiency, shell‐breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, albumen ratio, yolk ratio and Haugh units was observed among the experimental groups. Roche yolk colour fan (RYCF) value increased significantly in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the KHS and KHM groups showed higher RYCF values than the TKT group (p < 0.05). Spectrophotometric measurements of yolk colour, redness (a*) and yellow index (YI) values were higher in the KHS and KHM groups (p < 0.0001). The yellowness (b*) value was lower in the TKT group (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*) value was lower in the KHS and KHM groups (p < 0.05). Villus height, villus area, cell area and cell mitosis in all intestinal segments tended to be higher in all experimental groups. Jejunal cell area and cell mitosis were higher in experimental groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The cells on the villus tip surface were protuberated in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the KHS, KHM and TKT groups showed hypertrophied intestinal villi and epithelial cell functions. These results indicate that dietary red pepper has stimulating effect on intestinal villi and the structure of epithelial cells, and the 0.5% KHS and KHM groups improved in egg yolk colour.