体外培养条件对延边黄牛受精卵体外发育的影响

从延边黄牛卵巢中采集未成熟的卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养、体外受精及受精卵体外培养。结果表明 :1将卵子用 2种不同的培养液进行体外成熟培养和受精卵体外培养 ,TCM199组的卵裂率 (5 6 .3% )极显著高于 D- PBS组(33.6 % ) (P<0 .0 1) ;TCM199组的囊胚发育率和孵化率 (15 .1%、13.7% )虽高于 D- PBS组 (10 .5 %、8.7% ) ,但 2个组之间无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。2以 TCM199作为基础培养液 ,分别用含激素培养液和不含激素培养液进行成熟培养和受精卵体外培养 ,添加激素组的卵裂率、囊胚发育率及囊胚孵化率 (81.2 %、17.5 %、15 .3% )高于没有添加激素的对照组 (75 .8%、12 .1%、10 .5 % ) ,但 2个组之间无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 3体外受精卵与单层颗粒细胞共培养组的卵裂率、囊胚发育率及囊胚孵化率 (78.0 %、11.5 %、9.9% )显著高于非共培养组 (6 8.1%、5 .4 %、3.6 % ) (P<0 .0 5 )。     

Molecular Identification of a New Member of the Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma Group (16SrVI) Associated with Centaurea Solstitialis Virescence in Italy

In the United States, yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is an annual invasive weed with Mediterranean origins. Malformed plants displaying witches' broom, fasciations, abortion of buds and flower virescence symptoms were observed in central Italy. Attempts to transmit the causal agent from the natural yellow starthistle host to periwinkle by grafting, resulted in typical symptoms of a phytoplasma, i.e. yellowing and shortening of internodes. The detection of phytoplasmas was obtained from both symptomatic yellow starthistle and periwinkle by the specific amplification of their 16S-23S rRNA genes. PCR amplification of extracted DNA from symptomatic plant samples gave a product of expected size. Asymptomatic plants did not give positive results. An amplicon obtained by direct PCR with universal primers P1/P7 was cloned and sequenced. The homology search using CLUSTALW program showed more than 99% similarity with Illinois elm yellows (ILEY) phytoplasma from Illinois (United States) and 97% with Brinjal little leaf (BLL) phytoplasma from India. Digestion of the nested-PCR products with restriction enzymes led to restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns referable to those described for phytoplasmas belonging to the clover proliferation (16S-VI) group. Since this is a previously undescribed disease, the name Centaurea solstitialis virescence has been tentatively assigned to it. This is a new phytoplasma with closest relationships to ILEY and BLL, but distinguishable from them on the basis of 16S rDNA homology, the different associated plant hosts and their geographical origin.     

Wind-mediated spread of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in irrigated rice crops

A study was carried out to demonstrate that Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), a virus known to be transmitted by beetles, can spread between rice plants by direct leaf contact caused by wind. Almost all healthy plants surrounding an infected plant became infected when exposed to a fan blowing for 15 min at a distance of 50 cm. Spread of RYMV by plant contact, mediated by wind, was also demonstrated in field experiments, the extent of spread depending on plant density. Infection was almost 10 times higher in plots with a density of 33 plants m⁻² than in plots with 16 plants m⁻². Less spread was observed in plots protected by 1·5 m high windscreens. It is suggested that wind-mediated spread of RYMV may result from abrasive contact between leaves of plants.     

TRMM降水数据在省级尺度的应用研究——以辽宁省为例

利用1998年1月~2010年12月空间连续分布的TRMM卫星3B43月降水量资料,借助气候倾向率指数和GIS空间分析技术,以辽宁省为例,对TRMM数据在省级尺度的适用性进行验证,并对辽宁省近13年来降水时空分布及其变化特征进行定量化分析。结果表明,TRMM降水数据与观测数据之间的线性相关性很高,数据具有较高的精度;辽宁省年降水量主要为425~1 082 mm,且总体上表现为由全区东南向西北依次递减的趋势;年内降水主要集中在5~9月,该时期的降水量占全年降水总量的70%以上,其中,7月份的降水量最大,为全年降水量的20%,而2月份最小,不足全年降水量的2%,季节性变化明显;近13年间,辽宁省平均年降水量总体上呈增加趋势,但在夏季降水量呈现减少的趋势,其中辽西区和辽中区尤为明显,说明近13年来这些地区春夏连旱的现象比较严重。     

钒钼黄比色法测定食品中磷的研究

建立了钒钼黄比色法测定食品中磷的检测技术 ,该法通过消解液酸度的调节 ,显色剂的替换 ,应用钒钼黄比色法测定食品中磷的含量.当磷溶液浓度范围在[1mg/L～20 mg/L ]时 ,线性回归良好 ;回收率范围为94%～97% .用此法测定了国家标准参考物质 ,与国标方法测定食品中磷的含量进行了比对 ,结果表明 :测定结果与国标方法的测定结果比较无显著统计学差别 ,说明该方法可用于食品中磷的测定.     

Influences of population density,temperature and latitude on the growth of invasive topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva

Plasticity in life‐history traits provides advantages for introduced fish in overcoming demographic bottlenecks that would otherwise inhibit establishment. Here, the influence of population density, temperature and latitude was tested on the growth increments and growth rates of invasive populations of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, a small Asian cyprinid fish that is invasive across Europe. Aquaria experiments tested the roles of fish number and temperature on growth increments under a fixed food supply, pond experiments tested the role of density on growth increments, and a field study completed in England and Wales tested the influence of density and latitude on growth rates. In aquaria experiments, whilst growth increments were higher at 21 and 23 °C than at 19 and 25 °C, fish number had a greater influence on growth than temperature. Higher growth increments were produced at lower densities. In experimental ponds, growth increments were significantly higher in ponds with low densities of P. parva compared with those at elevated densities. In the field study comprising 10 wild populations across a latitudinal gradient of 4.0°N, a difference in mean air temperatures of approximately 3 °C, and estimated densities between 0.5 and 65.0 m^?2, population density was the only significant predictor of growth rates. Whilst populations at very low densities comprised of significantly faster growing individuals, there were no significant differences when densities were between 15 and 65 m^?2. Thus, invasive P. parva populations have considerable growth plasticity, especially at low densities, with this likely to be important in their ability to colonise new environments.     

红椿天然种群分布格局尺度研究

为研究濒危物种红椿(Toona ciliata Roem.)的种群分布格局,在谷城南河流域对发现的仅有两个红椿种群(T1,T2),以相邻格子法设置5 m×5 m、3 m×3 m的样方,精确到1 m格子.通过 χ2检验、Cx的t检验、Morisita Iδ的F检验,对种群分布格局进行判断是否符合泊松分布.结果表明,T1种群在5 m×5 m、3 m×3 m样方尺度下,Cx和Iδ均为泊松分布,5 m×5 m尺度 χ2检验为集群分布,3 m×3 m尺度为Poisosn分布;干扰种群T2种群密度较大,3种检验均为集群分布.因此,分布格局满足 χ2检验的泊松分布,样方设置应注重尺度和数量;df越大,理论值与观测值更可能越接近正态分布,种群分布格局的检验更加真实可信.     

原始云冷杉、红松林树木生长对氮沉降的响应

本文通过野外控制试验，设置4个梯度的施氮处理，分别为对照(CK，不加氮)、低氮(T_L，5 g/(m2·a))、中氮(T_M，10 g/(m2·a))、高氮(T_H，15 g/(m2·a))，研究云冷杉红松林主要树种的径生长对氮沉降增加的响应。结果表明，枫桦径生长随氮添加梯度的增加出现了先促进后抑制的趋势；臭冷杉和红松径生长随氮添加梯度的增加而受到抑制，其中臭冷杉表现出明显的衰退现象甚至死亡；花楷槭则表现出较为复杂的响应，可能与该树种对不同梯度氮添加的响应机制不同有关。同时还发现，各处理、各树种的胸径大小与径生长量存在相关性，可能与树种年龄及其所处的生态位相关。研究表明，氮沉降改变树木生长速率和死亡率，可能影响地上生态系统碳库和整个生态系统碳循环。      

佛山岭南天地旧改项目中开放空间的特色分析

近年来,国内出现了不少基于城市老街区改造为商业街区的项目。通过对佛山岭南天地项目中有代表性的广场、街道、建筑等节点进行调研,选取开放空间的3个特色要素——空间形态和尺度,传统装饰元素,植物和水景布置,探析"新天地"模式中开放空间营造的特色手法,包括保持街巷形态和宜人尺度,增强街区公共属性;保护传统建筑构件,利用传统材料、技术;保留古树,并结合植物和水景布置,形成多层次的景观系统等。