葡糖醋杆菌高静水压诱变株AFLP体系的建立

【目的】从DNA分子水平研究葡糖醋杆菌及其经高静水压诱变后所得突变株的差异,优化建立了适合葡糖醋杆菌的AFLP技术体系,为细菌纤维素产生菌的高静水压诱变育种提供技术支撑。【方法】以1株从自制醋中分离出来的细菌纤维素产生菌J2及其经高静水压诱变后得到的高产细菌纤维素的突变株M438为材料,对选择性扩增程序的影响因素进行分析,优化建立葡糖醋杆菌的AFLP酶切体系,并对适合葡糖醋杆菌高压诱变前后差异分析的引物组合进行筛选。【结果】酶切模板DNA用量600 ng,酶切时间8 h,过夜连接(反应时间大于10 h),预扩增产物最适稀释倍数为500倍,从24对AFLP选择性扩增引物组合中筛选出了E-T/M-G为适合葡糖醋杆菌高静水压诱变前后差异分析的引物组合。供试2株菌的选择性扩增差异位点只有1处,经测序扩增片段长度为213 bp,提交Genbank比对,其与Gluconacetobacter hanseniiATCC23769 GXY0064基因组序列中24 917~24 723 bp片段相似度为99%。【结论】所建立的AFLP反应体系,适合葡糖醋杆菌J2及其突变株M438的AFLP分析。     

枣和酸枣等14种园艺植物cAMP含量的研究

本试验借助蛋白结合法对14种园艺植物、44个枣品种、59个酸枣品种和类型的cAMP含量进行了测定。结果表明,不同植物种、品种或类型、同一植物不同组织及同一组织不同时期的cAMP含量存在很大差异;同一植物不同组织cAMP的相对含量因物候期而异;在所测植物材料中,枣和酸枣成熟果肉的cAMP含量最高(平均值分别为38.05和23.87nmol/g·fw),其中山西木枣成熟果肉cAMP含量(302.50nmol/g·fw)是迄今己测高等植物中最高的。     

Trichoderma species collected from Iran

In order to identify Trichoderma species isolated from Iran, Trichoderma selective media and malt extract agar (MEA) were used to isolate Trichoderma species from the soil samples. All the cultures were purified on 2% water agar by hyphal tip method prior to morphological examination.Morphological observations were carried out on the cultures grown on 2 % MEA and oat meal agar at 20℃ under ambient laboratory conditions.     

青枯无致病力菌株诱导番茄抗青枯病的生化机制

用紫外诱变法获得的青枯无致病力菌株诱导番茄,植株产生了对青枯病的抗性反应,该菌株对致病菌没有直接的抑制作用,且对番茄不能致病.番茄经无致病力菌株处理后,体内与抗病反应相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性显著增强;酚类物质和木质素含量也显著提高;病程相关蛋白(PRP)含量也提高.这表明青枯无致病力菌株产生诱导抗性的机制可能是植物本身的抗病代谢过程被激活了.     

K营养对烤烟叶片中几种抗性物质及野火病发生的影响

 通过对云南中部地区不同生长状况、不同发病程度的34个烤烟样品的钾、总酚、类黄酮含量分析和田间病害调查，结果表明：烟叶一般K含量为1%～4%，K含量高于4%的较少，无低于1%的样品；在K含量为2%～4%的范围内，随钾含量的增加，总酚、类黄酮含量提高，过氧化物酶活性增强，烤烟野火病病情逐渐减轻； K含量＞4%及<2%时，总酚、类黄酮含量降低，过氧化物酶活性减弱，野火病发病严重。     

两个EoNPV毒株对茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖的毒力差异

通过确定不同茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒（Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus,EoNPV）毒株对茶尺蠖（Ectropis obliqua）和灰茶尺蠖（Ectropis grisescens）毒力水平的差异,为有效提高茶尺蠖病毒的防效提供理论基础。采用浸渍法,测定EoNPV浙江毒株（EoNPV-ZJ）和江西毒株（EoNPV-JX）对茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖3龄幼虫的毒力水平;通过克隆测序,多重比较分析EoNPV-ZJ和EoNPV-JX毒株同源重复区（hrs）。结果表明,EoNPV-JX对灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖3龄幼虫14 d的LC₅₀分别为5.95×10⁶ PIB·mL^-1和3.14×10⁶ PIB·mL^-1,EoNPV-ZJ对灰茶尺蠖和茶尺蠖3龄幼虫14 d的LC₅₀分别为1.13×10⁷ PIB·mL^-1和5.04×10⁶ PIB·mL^-1。EoNPV-JX和EoNPV-ZJ的hr1大小均为1 795 bp,含有11个完全回文序列,hr3大小均为665 bp,含有3个完全回文序列,与已报道的安徽毒株（EoNPV-AH）无差异;而hr2差异较大,其中EoNPV-JX hr2为864 bp,含有7个完全回文序列,EoNPV-ZJ hr2为1 168 bp,含有12个完全回文序列,均少于EoNPV-AH的18个完全回文序列。综合分析显示,EoNPV不同毒株对茶尺蠖的毒力水平高于其近缘种灰茶尺蠖;EoNPV-JX毒株对灰茶尺蠖的毒力高于EoNPV-ZJ毒株,造成EoNPV不同毒株毒力差异的主要原因可能与其hr2序列回文序列个数相关。     

Genome Mining for Antimicrobial Compounds in Wild Marine Animals-Associated Enterococci

New ecosystems are being actively mined for new bioactive compounds. Because of the large amount of unexplored biodiversity, bacteria from marine environments are especially promising. Further, host-associated microbes are of special interest because of their low toxicity and compatibility with host health. Here, we identified and characterized biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds in host-associated enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild marine animals remote from human-affected ecosystems. Putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of 22 Enterococcus strains of marine origin were predicted using antiSMASH5 and Bagel4 bioinformatic software. At least one gene cluster encoding a putative bioactive compound precursor was identified in each genome. Collectively, 73 putative antimicrobial compounds were identified, including 61 bacteriocins (83.56%), 10 terpenes (13.70%), and 2 (2.74%) related to putative nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). Two of the species studied, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus mundtti, are rare causes of human disease and were found to lack any known pathogenic determinants but yet possessed bacteriocin biosynthetic genes, suggesting possible additional utility as probiotics. Wild marine animal-associated enterococci from human-remote ecosystems provide a potentially rich source for new antimicrobial compounds of therapeutic and industrial value and potential probiotic application.     

新疆野生樱桃李果实部分表型性状的遗传多样性分析

 以中国新疆伊犁地区霍城县大西沟乡的新疆野生樱桃李（Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.）47个实生株系的成熟果实为试材,从果实形态性状、可溶性固形物与矿质元素含量以及挥发性化合物组分等不同层面对野生樱桃李遗传多样性进行了研究,旨在为新疆野生樱桃李的资源保护、合理利用和遗传改良提供基本资料。结果表明,①新疆野生樱桃李实生株系的果实形状主要为圆形,少数为椭圆形、卵圆形、卵形和宽卵形,果实颜色有黄色、红色、紫红色和黑色等4种类型,野生樱桃李果实纵径、横径、单果重、果形指数以及可溶性固形物含量均存在一定程度的变异,遗传多样性较为丰富,其中以单果重的变异系数最大(9.13 %);②新疆野生樱桃李实生株系果肉组织的Zn、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe及Cu等6种矿质元素含量变异丰富,其中以Fe元素的含量（平均值为2.12 mg·100g-1）和变异系数（26.99％）最高,进一步筛选高铁性状单株的潜力很大;③从新疆野生樱桃李12个实生株系中共鉴定出醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类、烃类及杂环类等6类83种挥发性化合物,各实生株系挥发性化合物总含量、挥发性化合物种类及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物分离比率与含量等存在广泛的遗传变异,遗传多样性较为丰富,其中以甲酸己酯含量最高（平均值为4.33 μg·g-1）,是野生樱桃李果实香气形成的重要特征性化合物。     

中国番茄TMV基因型株系分化的研究

1990～1995年间,首次对中国大陆30个省(市)番茄TMV进行了基因型株系分化的研究,在695个TMV纯化分离物中鉴定出了TMV-0、1、2和1.2株系,其中0株系分布最广,是19个省(市)的优势株系,占当地TMV分离物的50％以上;1株系分布也很广泛,是11个省(市)的优势株系,占40％以上;2株系较少,虽然17个省(市)有分布,但占4.5％～30.6％;1.2株系最少,仅在6个省(市)中发现,占4.0％～11.1％。这一研究结果为我国各省(市)番茄抗TMV育种确定了主攻目标。     

Arsenic and chromium resistance mechanisms in the Micrococcus luteus group

High arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) concentrations are currently receiving attention because of their negative effects on the environment and human health. Microorganisms inhabiting contaminated environments have developed resistance mechanisms against the toxicity of these pollutants. Indeed, members of the bacterial genus Micrococcus have been isolated from different toxic metal-contaminated environments; however, knowledge concerning its resistance mechanisms to As and Cr toxicity remains lim...