Identification and Characterisation of Bacteria Causing Soft-rot in Agave tequilana

Agave tequilana is the raw material for the production of the alcoholic beverage tequila. A bacterial disease has affected the A. tequilana crop in recent years. Previous reports based on colony and cell morphology, Gram stain and potato rot indicated that Erwinia sp. is the main pathogen. We isolated a several bacterial isolates capable of producing soft-rot symptoms in greenhouse pathogenicity assays. An extensive characterisation involving pathogenicity tests, fatty acid profile, metabolic and physiological properties, ribosomal DNA sequence and intergenic transcribed spacer amplification (ITS-PCR) and restriction banding pattern (ITS-RFLP) was made of each isolate. Three different species: Erwinia cacticida, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas sp. were identified. Fatty acid and metabolic profiles gave low similarity values of identification but 16S rDNA sequence, ITS-PCR and ITS-RFLP confirmed the identification of E. cacticida. In the phylogenetic tree, E. cacticida from blue agave was grouped neither with E. cacticida type strains nor with Erwinia carotovora. This is the first report that associates E. cacticida with A. tequilana soft-rot symptoms.     

野外放归大熊猫肠道菌群变化的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心的一只野外放归亚成体大熊猫肠道菌群的组成和季节变化规律进行了研究,同时与其圈养双胞胎兄弟的肠道菌群进行了比较。从放归大熊猫粪便中分离出17种肠道菌,优势菌群为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌。与圈养大熊猫相比,放归大熊猫肠道菌群中优势菌群的种类未发生改变,但是肠球菌数量增加,肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量减少。研究发现放归大熊猫肠道菌群中的肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量随季节变化有较大波动,乳杆菌的数量随季节变化波动不大;而圈养大熊猫三种优势菌的数量随季节变化波动都不大。     

和龙市林业局龙牙楤木的开发利用

龙牙楤木是享誉长白山地区最著名的木本山野菜之一，除了食用价值，还兼有补气安神、强精滋肾的药用价值。由于当地广大群众一直实行掠夺性的采摘方法，致使野生龙牙楤木资源受到严重破坏，其蕴藏量和可采量逐年减少，供需矛盾日渐突出；为保护当地濒危经济植物———龙牙楤木，采取必要的保障措施，综合开发利用，才能使龙牙楤木产业真正成为和龙市多种经营的重要来源之一。     

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus) to Water Stress and Defoliation Frequency

Plants are often subjected to periods of water stress. There are little data examining the effect of water stress on the forage species Plantago lanceolata and Cichorium intybus. In two pot experiments with P. lanceolata and C. intybus, morphological responses under optimum, dry, and very‐dry water treatments with weekly, fortnightly and 3‐weekly defoliation intervals and physiological responses under optimum and very‐dry water treatments were measured. A third experiment compared the rooting depths of P. lanceolata and C. intybus under field conditions. These findings suggest that both P. lanceolata and C. intybus can survive and continue to grow under water stress conditions with the main differences between the two species being attributable to morphological characteristics (root mass, taproot diameter and shoot mass fraction) rather than differences at a physiological level. Overall, the results suggest plantain may be more productive under moderate drought due to its greater shoot mass fraction, whereas chicory may be more productive and persistent under severe drought due to its greater root mass, taproot diameter and root depth under field conditions.     

内蒙古桦木沟林场不同地貌野生花卉资源分布

内蒙古桦木沟林场地形地貌类型广泛,野花资源丰富,尚未得到有效开发。为了解野生花卉资源习性和生物学特征,开发利用野花资源,在路径调查的基础上,采用典型样地调查法,调查分析了其野花资源分布。共调查野花资源177种,隶属于40科129属,菊科、豆科、毛茛科等种类和种群数量较丰富。不同地貌Margalef丰富度指数1.35~8.28,Shannon-Wiener指数变异范围1.42~2.59,Simpson指数为0.59~0.96,湿地草甸、疏林草地物种多样性丰富,沙地多样性最低。湿度、光照等是影响野花多样性分布的重要因素。林场分布着丰富而有较大开发价值的喜光、耐荫、耐涝、喜湿、耐旱等不同生态型野生花卉。部分野生花卉资源濒危,亟需保护。     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。     

新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流天气对比分析

为了研究麦收期间强对流天气的发生发展规律，利用常规观测资料、中尺度分析产品和卫星雷达资料，对新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流过程进行对比分析。结果表明：6月4日的强对流是由地面辐合线触发的；6月5日的强对流是地面冷空气触发的；上干冷下暖湿的垂直结构是产生强对流天气的有利条件；三体散射和悬垂结构预示有冰雹和雷雨大风；中尺度辐合线、辐合区、逆风区的出现和维持是产生局地强降水的一个比较有用的预报依据；维持较大的垂直液态含水量可产生比较大的降水。由此提炼出不同类型强对流天气的预报预警指标，为农业防灾减灾提供科学参考，最大限度地减轻气象灾害造成的不利影响。     

三岔子林区黄檗野生种群资源状况的调查与分析

以吉林省三岔子林业局不同林龄的林分为对象,调查与分析黄檗野生种群的资源状况,结果表明:单位面积活立木平均株数在幼龄林林分中占12.3%,在中龄林中占3.8%,在成过熟林中占2.6%,3个龄组林分的平均株数比例为6.2%;单位面积活立木平均蓄积在幼龄林林分中占7.3%,在中龄林中占2.4%,在成过熟林中占1.3%,3个龄组林分的平均蓄积比例为3.7%。     

大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松种子园球果花蝇防治技术

利用综合防治方法对加格达奇兴安落叶松种子园落叶松球果花蝇进行防治,结果表明:防治效果达到90%时,种子园出种率提高了10%,大幅度减少良种种子损失,增加良种供给率。