丝瓜伤流液对采后榆黄蘑呼吸及贮藏品质的影响研究

试验研究丝瓜伤流液对榆黄蘑的保鲜效果结果表明 ,用丝瓜伤流液作保鲜剂明显抑制榆黄蘑呼吸分解代谢 ,有效减缓菌盖开裂、褐变和失水。且有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果优于无棱丝瓜伤流液 ,以 75 %有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果最佳     

Silicon nutrition of tomato and bitter gourd with special emphasis on silicon distribution in root fractions

Two plant species, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), were used for in‐depth studies on the dynamics of silicon (Si) uptake and translocation to the shoots and compartmentation of Si in the roots. The experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions, which were partly amended with 1 mM Si in the form of silicic acid. At harvest, xylem exudates were collected, and Si concentrations and biomass of roots and shoots were determined. Mass flow of Si was calculated based on the Si concentration of the nutrient solution and transpiration determined in a parallel experiment. Plant roots were subjected to a fractionated Si analysis, allowing attributing Si to different root compartments. Silicon concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots were higher in tomato but lower in bitter gourd. A more ready translocation from the roots to the shoots in bitter gourd was in agreement with Si concentrations in the xylem exudates which were higher than in the external solution. In tomato, the xylem‐sap Si concentration was lower than in the nutrient solution. Calculated Si mass flow to the root exceeded Si uptake in tomato, which was consistent with the measured accumulation of Si in the root water‐free space (WFS). In contrast, Si concentration in the root WFS was lower than in the nutrient solution in bitter gourd, reflecting the calculated Si depletion at the root surface based on the comparison of Si mass flow and Si uptake. Within the roots, more than 80% of the total Si was located in the cell wall and less than 10% in the cytoplasmic fractions in tomato. In bitter gourd, between 60% and 70% of the total root Si was attributed to the cell‐wall fraction whereas the proportion of the cytoplasmic fraction reached more than 30%. Our results clearly confirm that tomato belongs to the Si excluders and bitter gourd to the Si‐accumulator plant species for which high Si concentrations in the cytoplasmic root fraction appear to be characteristic.     

中国野漆树与日本野漆树油脂成分差异性分析

漆树科(Anacandiaceae)资源丰富,约60属600种.据不完全统计,我国现有漆树群体5亿多株,能结籽的有1亿多株.目前,漆树研究大多是以生产生漆的漆树类为对象,对野漆树(Toxicodendron succedaneum)研究较少,而漆蜡(油)用途广泛,在化妆品、防水剂、涂料、粘接剂、润滑剂、电子摄影调色剂、水果保鲜剂及蜡纺印花等轻化电子产业中有巨大的潜力(王成章,2001;唐丽等,2010).     

西瓜和甜瓜的SSR引物对三种瓜类作物的通用性分析

利用西瓜的1 824对SSR引物和甜瓜的259对SSR引物,对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA进行了PCR扩增,分析了西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对三种瓜类作物扩增的通用性以及三种瓜类作物中不同类型之间的多态性.结果表明,西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA扩增通用性分别是15.31％、23.04％和14.74％.但是,在三...     

一种新的原油析蜡量测定方法

提出了通过原油DSC曲线计算原油析蜡量的方法,其结果与常规方法测量的蜡含量一致,而且能计算不同温度段析出的蜡量.热力学方法计算的析蜡点和通过DSC曲线计算的析蜡点相差0.6℃,不同温度段析出的蜡量相差比较大.与热力学模型相比,该方法简便实用.     

含蜡热油管道稳态与瞬态的温降计算

含蜡热油管道在设计及实际运行过程中,油品密度、粘度、比热容沿程随温度变化,沿线流型与流态也不断变化,这些都是计算管道温降必须考虑的因素.从能量方程出发,计入析蜡潜热的影响,推导出管道沿线流量变化不大时的瞬态温度方程,并利用三特征线方法进行求解,提高了含蜡热油管道的计算精度,并为其设计计算及仿真软件的开发提供了理论依据.     

早熟苦瓜新品种“赣优1号”、“赣优2号”的选育

赣优1号、赣优2号是分别以强雌系Q11-2、Q9-4为母本配制成的早熟杂交苦瓜新品种。赣优1号商品果绿白色,棒形,果长35cm,横径6cm,肉厚1.0cm,单果重400g,特早熟,春季栽培从定植至初收40d,每公顷产量37500kg。赣优2号商品果绿色,棒形,果长30cm,横径7cm,肉厚1.2cm,单果重500g,早熟,春、秋季均可栽培,春植从定植至初收45d,秋植从播种至初收45d,每公顷产量45000kg。     

苦瓜强雌系“Q_(11-2)”的选育及利用研究初报

对1个长白苦瓜材料的变异单株进行连续4代自交分离,定向选择,获得苦瓜强雌系"Q11-2",其雌花率在96%以上且雌性稳定,综合性状优良。以其作母本配制的杂种一代的早期产量和总产量大大提高,杂种优势明显。是选育早熟丰产苦瓜新品种的重要育种材料。     

肌肉嫩度计的鉴定和应用研究

本文报道了作者研制的肌肉嫩度计。该仪器是根据Warner-Bratzler氏剪切仪原理改进而设计的。用两种匀质物——小蜡笔和马铃薯的剪切力值的变差来鉴定仪器的准确性,其变异系数分别为3.35和5.96％,加权平均为4.26％。这表明仪器的准确性是良好的。对哈白猪10种不同肌肉的嫩度测定表明:腰大肌是最嫩的肌肉,与前人对肉牛不同肌肉嫩度的测定结果一致。用1.0和3.0毫米厚度的剪切片所测得的10种肌肉嫩度的秩次相关系数为0.879(P<0.01),表明该仪器测值可以反映不同肌肉嫩度的变差。对杜洛克、汉普夏、丹麦兰德瑞斯、三江白和梅山猪5个品种的股二头肌、半腱肌和腰大肌的嫩度进行了测定,总体方差分析表明,品种间和肌肉间差异均达非常显著水准(P<0.01)。本研究证明,该仪器的剪切力值可以很好地反映不同肌肉的嫩度。     

黄皮葫芦果实贮藏保鲜试验

对黄皮葫芦果实进行了4种温度处理,7种保鲜剂处理的贮藏试验,结果表明:黄皮葫芦果实对低温敏感,低于8 ℃会发生冷害。温度越低,冷害越严重,主要冷害症状为瓜皮黄色消褪、进而褐变或黑变。0 ℃、6 ℃下单果包装黄皮葫芦果实的安全贮藏期为3 d,7～8℃下为6 d。保鲜剂能显著提高黄皮葫芦果实的鲜度,且能显著抑制瓜把的腐烂或延迟瓜把腐烂期的到来,较CK的贮藏期分别延长9 d和18 d。