唐山市两类草坪草的应用现状及发展对策

为了更好地发展园林草坪事业，实现其向低投入、高环保的方向可持续发展，对唐山市的冷季型草和暖季型草的应用现状，从多角度进行了客观分析，并针对所存在的问题，提出了相应的发展对策。     

冷季型草坪草在信阳地区生态适应性研究

信阳农专植物科学系自 1993年以来 ,先后从国外引进冷季型草坪草种 5大类 ,35个品种 ,通过生态适应性研究 ,筛选出适合信阳生态条件的冷季草坪品种 16个 ,并已在信阳地区应用推广     

北京地区草坪部分草种类及生长情况的调查

以随机抽样方法对北京地区草坪草部分种类及生物学特性进行调查.结果表明北京地区栽植的草坪草以冷地型草坪草为主,其中草地早熟禾栽植最广,全年绿期最长;高羊茅、结缕草最耐践踏;高羊茅杂草较多;每种草坪草中都有不同品种,其中草地早熟禾品种数量较多.     

4种暖季型草坪草在墙面绿化中的应用初探

为了解假俭草（Eremochloa ophiuroides）、兰引三号结缕草（Zoysia japonica cv.Lanyin NO.3）、马尼拉（Zoysia matrella）、钝叶草（Stenotaphrum secundatum）4 种暖季型草坪草在墙面绿化中的应用效果,测定其生长期间的盖度变化及其成坪后的生长性状。结果表明,钝叶草在墙面绿化中的应用效果最差,而假俭草的应用效果较其他草种好、生长速度适中、植株低矮、外观质量最好。     

几种暖季型草坪草病害及病原种类

归纳了狗牙根、结缕草、假俭草和钝叶草等4种暖季型草坪草的病害及病原种类，其中草坪型狗牙根病害30余种，病原菌约35属近70余种，结缕草病害17种、病原菌约22属29种，假俭草主要病害13种、病原菌约16属20种，钝叶草病害15种，病原菌约23属30种。旨在完善暖季型草坪草的病害记录。     

秀百宫——暖季型草坪广谱性除草剂

秀百宫 (Shibagen) 2 5%水分散粒剂 ,通用名flazasulfuron、啶嘧磺隆 ,代号SL 160 ,是日本石原产业株式会社开发的新型磺酰脲类除草剂 ,也是我国第一个在草坪上登记使用的除草剂品种。它具有很高的茎叶处理和土壤处理活性 ,2 5～ 10 0g/hm2 的有效成分就能有效地防除暖季型草坪中一年生或多年生阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草 ,对一年生禾本科杂草也有良好的防效     

Root proliferation in native perennial grasses of arid Patagonia,Argentina

Pappophorum vaginatum is the most abundant C4perennial grass desirable to livestock in rangelands of northeastern Patagonia,Argentina.We hypothesized that(1)defoliation reduce net primary productivity,and root length density and weight in the native species,and(2)root net primary productivity,and root length density and weight,are greater in P.vaginatum than in the other,less desirable,native species(i.e.,Aristida spegazzinii,A.subulata and Sporobolus cryptandrus).Plants of all species were either exposed or not to a severe defoliation twice a year during two growing seasons.Root proliferation was measured using the cylinder method.Cylindrical,iron structures,wrapped up using nylon mesh,were buried diagonally from the periphery to the center on individual plants.These structures,initially filled with soil without any organic residue,were dug up from the soil on 25April 2008,after two successive defoliations in mid-spring 2007.During the second growing season(2008–2009),cylinders were destructively harvested on 4 April 2009,after one or two defoliations in midand/or late-spring,respectively.Roots grown into the cylinders were obtained after washing the soil manually.Defoliation during two successive years did reduce the study variables only after plants of all species were defoliated twice,which supported the first hypothesis.The greater root net primary productivity,root length density and weight in P.vaginatum than in the other native species,in support of the second hypothesis,could help to explain its greater abundance in rangelands of Argentina.     

3种冷季型草坪草对持续干旱、高温及其互作的生理生态响应

对3种冷季型草坪草黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）、高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea L.）和早熟禾（Poa pratensis L.）进行持续干旱、高温及其互作处理,通过测定生理生态指标,揭示3种冷季型草坪草对持续干旱高温环境的生理响应机制。结果表明,处理28 d时,各处理下3种草坪草的草坪外观质量TQ和叶片萎蔫系数LWS均显著降低,干旱和高温互作对TQ的影响具有叠加效应,干旱胁迫对LWS起到关键作用。28 d时,各处理下黑麦草和早熟禾叶片相对含水量均低于50%,比胁迫第21 d分别下降了36.2%和46.9%,说明逆境胁迫明显导致草坪草叶片水分亏缺,而高羊茅叶片持水能力强于黑麦草和早熟禾,早熟禾叶片脱水速度最快。各处理下草坪草根系生物量的下降幅度高于地上部分,逆境对根系生长的影响比地上部分更敏感。3种草坪草的光合速率在逆境下显著降低,相反地叶片暗呼吸速率显著增加,两者互作下的降低或增加幅度高于单一胁迫下。各处理下早熟禾的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的变化幅度均高于黑麦草和高羊茅,且对干旱高温互作胁迫表现的更为敏感。通过隶属函数综合分析方法对试验测定的9个生理指标进行综合评价,3种冷季型草坪草抗干旱高温能力由强到弱依次为：高羊茅>黑麦草>早熟禾。     

暖季型草坪冬季追播技术研究进展

对暖季型草坪冬季追播技术的研究和应用现状进行综述,系统介绍了追播操作的整个过程,包括冷季型草种选择、追播时间、播种量、留茬高度、播前坪床准备、播期与播后的养护管理等。对追播存在的问题及解决方法进行了探讨,并对将来的发展趋势进行了预测。     

Mixtures of grasses: An alternative to traditional pasture monocultures in the tropics

A two-year experiment assessed herbage production and above- and below-ground characteristics of a highly productive monoculture (‘BRS Zuri’ guineagrass [Panicum maximum Jacq.]) and two mixtures of three grasses (Mixture 1: ‘BRS Zuri’ guineagrass, ‘BRS Xaraés’ palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha Stapf.], and ‘Basilisk’ signalgrass [Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.]; Mixture 2: ‘BRS Quênia’ guineagrass [Panicum maximum Jacq.], ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha Stapf.], and ‘BRS Paiaguás’ palisadegrass [Brachiaria brizantha Stapf.]), cultivated in the Brazilian tropical savanna. Mixtures 1 and 2 were subjected to two grazing intensities (removal of 40 or 60% of pre-grazing height) and ‘BRS Zuri’ guineagrass monoculture was defoliated to a single grazing intensity of 50%. Treatments were randomly assigned to fifteen 0.25-ha plots and managed under intermittent stocking by cattle. Herbage accumulation rate was similar among pastures and years (p > .1). The root mass in the tussocks did not differ (p > .1), with mean values ranging between 0.62 to 1.81 kg DM m⁻². Root density in the tussock interspaces was greater in the mixtures (p < .001), regardless of seasons (p = .405) and years (p = .292). The mixtures were dominated by guineagrass (70%) and palisadegrass (30%) at the end of the experiment, with the population of ‘Basilisk’ and ‘BRS Paiaguás’ being completely suppressed throughout the experimental period. Mixing guineagrass and brachiariagrasses can be an alternative to the traditional pastoral systems in the tropics, as it does not compromise herbage production and presents a capacity to produce more roots than a very productive monoculture of ‘BRS Zuri’ guineagrass.