Influence of Day Length on Stem Growth,Flowering, Morphology of Flower Clusters,and Seed-Set in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Abstract

The effects of day length on main stem growth, flowering, morphology of flower clusters and seed-set were examined in three buckwheat cultivars Shinanonatsusoba (summer eco-type), Miyazakizairai (autumn eco-type) and BLO 1999 (a long cluster line which usually develops DM clusters at Kade Research Ltd., Canada). Long-day treatment prolonged the stem elongation period, elevated the first flowering node, delayed the first flowering day, increased the numbers of nodes, flower clusters and flowers on the main stem, and decreased the increase rate of flowering-cluster number, the number of seeds and the seed-set ratio on the main stem. It also increased the frequency of DM clusters, the length of the flower clusters and the number of sub-flower-clusters per cluster in Shinanonatsusoba and Miyazakizairai as well as in BLO 1999. The effects of day length varied among the growth parameters and there were three types of responses to day length. The difference between the summer and autumn eco-type cultivars in the responses to day length was elucidated in four groups of parameters; (1) main stem elongation; (2) first flowering node and first flowering day; (3) increase rate of flowering-cluster number on the main stem; and (4) the number of seeds and seed-set ratio.     

压力容器无损检测：球形储罐的无损检测技术

球形储罐是储存各种气体和液化气体的常用压力容器之一,在石油、化工、冶金和城市燃气供应等方面得到广泛使用。综述了球形储罐在制造、安装和使用过程中不同阶段可能出现的缺陷和分别采用的各种无损检测方法,包括射线检测、超声检测、磁粉检测、渗透检测、电磁涡流检测等技术。分别介绍了这些无损检测方法的特点。     

Interaction Between Plant Roots and Soil Water Flow in Response to Preferential Flow Paths in Northern China

Preferential flow is expected to provide preferential channels for plant root growth and variations in soil water flow, but few studies were conducted to imply the impacts of these changes, particularly for preferential flow in stony soils. This study aimed to characterize soil water flow and plant root distribution in response to preferential flow paths and quantitatively describe the relation between plant root distribution and soil water flow. Field dye‐tracing experiments centered on experimental plants were conducted to determine the root length density and soil water flow process. Laboratory analyses were performed to characterize changes in the relative concentration of the accumulated effluent and the degree of interaction between plant roots and soil water flow. The amount of fine plant roots with preferential flow paths decreased with increasing soil depth for all experimental plots. The largest plant roots were recorded in the upper soil layers to a depth of 20 cm. The relative concentration of the accumulated effluent increased with time and decreased with soil depth under saturated soil conditions, whereas a distinct early turning point for the relative concentration of the accumulated effluent was observed in the 0–20‐cm soil columns, and the relative concentration of the accumulated effluent initially decreased and then increased with time under unsaturated soil conditions. This study provides quantitative information with which to characterize the interaction between plant roots and soil water flow in response to preferential flow paths in soil–plant–water systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蓝桉、直干桉子测林木材纤维长度的变异

在桉树种子园的后代测定林内，从蓝桉和直干桉中各抽3个家系，分别在立地条件不同的区组中按径阶等距抽样，每家系32株。经分析发现，纤维长度的变异为样品内>家系内>家系间。蓝桉纤维长度差异在径级和家系间均达到0．05水平，直干桉则不显著。区组间，两个树种的纤维长度差异都不显著。在立地条件好的区组中纤维长度与生长性状显著相关，立地条件差的区组却不密切。但以全部样本按树种分析，纤维长度与树高、胸径等生长性状都呈显著的正相关。     

木质养殖船的稳性衡准

针对木质养殖船无建造规范可进行稳性衡准,对大连市庄河、长海县、普兰店、开发区部分养殖船进行实船测绘,并对163艘养殖船资料进行了统计与分析,从中总结出适合大连地区木质养殖船的稳性衡准计算方法.     

盐度对蒙古裸腹(Moina mongolica Daday)耗氧率的影响

分别测定了５‰、１０‰、２０‰、３０‰、４０‰盐度下不同体长的蒙古裸腹氵蚤的耗氧率。结果发现：在５‰～４０‰范围内，该氵蚤个体耗氧率受盐度的影响不显著，但表现出在１０‰时略高，５‰时较低，２０‰～４０‰内相近的特点；各盐度下随体长增加，氵蚤耗氧率明显升高，两者间呈显著正相关；在试验盐度内，幼氵蚤的个体耗氧率和比耗氧率分别为４．２～７．１μｇ／（个·ｄ）和４０．８～８１．４μｇ／（ｍｇ·ｄ）；成氵蚤分别为５．９～１４．０μｇ／（个·ｄ）和４０．４～８０．６μｇ／（ｍｇ·ｄ）。根据试验结果并结合以往工作，认为１０‰是蒙古裸腹氵蚤代谢最旺盛的盐度。     

甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律的分析

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的育效果及其利用价值，对甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律进行了系统测定。结果表明，甘肃黄鸡体重达２．０kg的日龄平均为８７．５d（公鸡７７d，母鸡９８d)，全期饲料转化比为２．９３，成活率较高达９４．０％，甘肃黄鸡９周龄时体重接近１．５kg,有一定的市场意义，可以考虑及早上市；对甘肃黄鸡体重进行选择时，应同时注意对胫长的适当控制。     

分层对液化石油气储罐升压过程的影响

针对液化石油气储罐受热压力上升而导致爆炸的问题，建立了液化气均相模型和分层模型，并对这两个模型的升压过程进行了比较。计算结果分析表明，液化石油气中分层区的存在加快了储罐的升压过程，另外，还分析了热流密度等对液化石油气储罐升压过程的影响。     

压力容器制造中存在的问题及解决方案

通过对压力容器在制造过程中出现的问题进行理论分析和计算，提出了如何控制钢板的最小弯曲半径、消除钢板端部剩余直边、调整三辊卷板机参数等具体方法。     

基于超声波传感器的电极长度实时测控系统

设计与开发了以工控机为核心，以MCGS组态软件为开发平台，基于可编程超声波精密传感器的电极长度实时测控系统．提出了实时测量电极挤出长度并控制电极挤出速度的方法．该系统通过测量电极剪切端面与传感器之间的距离，计算电极的挤出长度，并以电极长度为反馈量控制电极挤压速度，实现了电极剪切的零速定位．实际运行表明，系统可靠、有效，电极长度误差小于10mm．