Salmonella enterica infections in Spanish swine fattening units

The present study is the first conducted in Spain to estimate the bacteriological herd prevalence of Salmonella enterica in fattening units and to describe the Salmonella serovar diversity on these farms using a sample representative of the entire swine population. For this purpose, 10 faecal samples were collected from 10 different pens containing pigs close to market weight in a total of 232 fattening units. Total sample size was proportionally distributed according to the fattener census in each of the regions of the country and all the samples were examined by culture of 25 g of faecal material. One hundred (43.1%) farms had at least one Salmonella-positive sample (95% CI: 37-49.1%). Salmonella enterica was detected in 290 (12.5%) pooled faecal floor samples (95% CI: 11.2-13.8%). The apparent herd prevalence of salmonellosis was similar among multi-site, finishing and farrow to finish farms. Overall, 24 different serovars were identified, with S. Typhimurium, S. Rissen and S. Derby being the most common both at herd and sample level. Results of phage typing were available for the 91 isolates of S. Typhimurium. A total number of 10 different phage types were identified, with DT 193 being the most frequent. Phage types DT 104, DT 104b and DT U302, which have been associated with several multi-resistant patterns, accounted for 23% and 29% of the Typhimurium total isolates or Typhimurium infected farms respectively.     

树莓夏秋两季结果型品种顶峰生物学特性的研究

试验调查了树莓夏秋两季结果型品种顶峰的生长发育和开花结实特性.结果表明:品种顶峰分别在同一年的夏季和秋季两次开花结果,每年的6月下旬到7月下旬2a生枝结果即夏季结果期,果实生长发育从开花到成熟需28d,采收期近1个月,结果后枝条自然枯萎死亡;顶峰的秋季结果期为8月中旬到9月末,结果部位为1a生枝的中上部,果实生长发育需36d,采收期长达46d,采收后11月初枝条进入休眠.顶峰1a生枝的长度在6月上旬和7月上旬增加迅速,7月中旬停止增加,粗度的快速增加集中在6月上旬和7月份,8月初粗度停止增加,2a生枝的长度和粗度都不增加.     

Allelic variation in high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Loci of Glu-1 in Japanese common wheats

Seed storage proteins of 131 Japanese Norin wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine allelic make-up in varieties at each of three loci that control high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits. Three alleles were identified at the Glu-A1 locus, six at the Glu-B1 locus and five at the Glu-D1 locus. Twenty-four different, major glutenin HMW subunits were identified and each contained three to five subunits and seventeen different glutenin subunit patterns were observed for 19 subunits in the 131 Japanese Norin varieties. Fourteen alleles were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with that previously found in hexaploid wheat. Japanese Norin varieties showed a specific pattern of allelic variation in glutenin HMW subunits, different from that of Chinese and other country common wheats in allelic frequency at Glu-1 loci. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

荠菜辐射诱变育种研究：Ⅰ干种子辐射的适宜剂量及性状变异

提出用钴６０－γ射线为辐照源处理荠菜干种子,辐射半致死剂量为８００００Ｒ左右;诱发有利突变的剂量为６００００－８００００Ｒ。有利变异有矮株,抗寒性强,ＶＣ含量高,叶重,叶数多,叶色深和大叶等类型,机率为０．６８％。     

毕节高支苎麻主要农艺性状的遗传分析

对４份毕节高支苎麻的主要农艺性状进行遗传分析的结果表明：鲜皮出麻率和单纤维支数等农艺性状具有较大的遗传力,可在早代单蔸（株）选择或直接选择,产量、鲜皮厚、茎粗等性状的遗传力较低,应根据各性状同相关关系进行间接选择或推迟到晚期世代选择。遗传变幅较大的性状有鲜皮出麻率、株高、单蔸产量等,由于性状的改良效果主要由性状的遗传力和变异幅度及选择强度所决定,因此,在５％的选择强度下,遗传改良效果好的性状为株高     

The Element-free Method for Elastic Foundation Plates(EFM)

The application of the element-free method in the bending problems of plates has not been found since it was proposed.In this paper,the element-free method is applied to compute the deflection and the moment of the elastic foundation plate with free boundary,and the corresponding formulas as well as the computer program are developed.Numerical examples show that the accuracy of the method used in the foundation plate problem is satisfactory.Therefore,it is reasonable and feasible for using the element-free method in the plate bending problems.     

巴山松的原始育种材料研究

巴山松的分布、形态特征、叶绿素、核酸含量、染色体组型、过氧化物同工酶及苗木生长量的研究表明,巴山松不仅在形态、生理学、生物化学特性上,而且在苗期的形态解剖及生长量上与油松均有显著差异,在遗传基础上具有自身的独立性。因此、巴山松应作为一个独立的种。巴山松种内基因的相对分化量表明,不同产地间的变异较小、仅占7.5％,产地内的变异则占92.5％。因此,巴山松的遗传改良应利用产地内的变异。     

华山松针叶营养元素含量的季节变化

本文研究了华山松针叶营养元素百分含量和每束针叶营养绝对含量的季节变化,并就取样株数问题进行了探讨。其中N用气敏氨电极测定,P用钼蓝比色法测定,K用火焰光度计测定,Ca、Mg用原子吸收分光光度计测定。研究结果表明华山松针叶营养元素含量在9～10月最稳定,取样株数随叶龄和测定元素种类而变。文中给出的采样株数可供研究华山松营养状况时参考,利用本文的每束针叶营养元素含量可简便估算林分的营养状况。     

Edible forage production, chemical composition, rumen degradation and gas production characteristics of Calliandra calothyrsus (Messin) provenances in the humid tropics of West Africa

Two experiments evaluated variations in feed value among Calliandra calothyrsus provenances. In Experiment 1, edible forage production of four provenances were evaluated at Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria over a 2-year period in three seasons: main-wet (April–August), minor-wet (September–November) and dry (December–March). Forage samples from the main-wet and dry seasons were incubated for 6, 12, 48, 72 and 96 h in rumen-fistulated steers to estimate in sacco dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradation characteristics. In vitro gas production was estimated over 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. In Experiment 2, DM degradation characteristics of 14 provenances of C. calothyrsus planted on an acid soil in Yaounde, Cameroon, were evaluated. Data were subjected to cluster analysis for grouping, and the 14 provenances were placed into four distinct cluster groups. Based on the potential extent of DM and, N degradation and gas production characteristics in Experiment 1, the four provenances of C. calothyrsus were classified into three forage quality groups: high (ILCA 16310), medium (ILCA 14891, ILCA 15166) and low (NFTA 896). In Experiment 2, using the extent of DM degradation as a forage quality index, C. calothyrsus provenances in clusters 3 and 4 (namely: 51/92, 11/91, 13/91, 45/92, 10/91, 15/91, 18/91, 134/91, 12/91, 62/92), were relatively higher in quality than their counterparts in clusters 1 and 2. The results suggested the existence of intra-species variation among the provenances, and confirmed earlier observations that forage quality of C. calothyrsus could be improved through provenance evaluation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水分胁迫对白杨杂种无性系生理和生长的影响

为探索水分胁迫对白杨杂种无性系气体变换和生长的影响,以白杨双杂交杂种新无性系Ｂ４３０苗木为试验材料,在３种水分胁迫条件下,对各无性系生理和生长指标进行了分析。结果表明,在不同水分胁迫下,无性系苗木的Ｐｎ、Ｔｒ,Ｇｓ,Ｌａ,Ｃｉ等日变化模式基本一致,但受胁迫的苗木各生理过程受到明显抑制。各生长指标对水分胁迫的敏感性不同,苗高和单叶叶面积对水分胁迫最敏感,叶片数和生物量的敏感性较差,随着水分胁迫加强,