应用超弱光子辐射评价菠菜叶片衰老方法可行性

为了研究植物叶片衰老评价及其无损检测方法,采用外源H2O2诱发菠菜叶片衰老,研究了H2O2胁迫下菠菜叶片细胞超弱光子辐射的变化规律及其与叶片衰老的关系。结果表明,在H2O2胁迫过程中,菠菜叶片自发光子辐射随着胁迫时间的延长而增加,外界光诱导的延迟光子辐射也表现出明显的变化。根据细胞自发光子辐射和延迟光子辐射的生物学意义,采用延迟光子辐射积分强度和自发光子辐射的比值作为描述细胞整体状态的状态参量,结果发现,在H2O2胁迫过程中,基于细胞超弱光子辐射的菠菜叶片细胞状态参量的变化与叶绿素含量的变化呈现良好的正相关,相关系数为0.91437,暗示通过细胞状态参量的变化可以推测菠菜叶片细胞的状态与衰老程度,进而实现对菠菜叶片衰老程度的无损检测,为植物叶片衰老评价提供了一种新方法。     

花期弱光胁迫对玉米穗粒数的影响

为明确花期弱光对玉米穗粒数的影响规律,采用人工遮光模拟弱光胁迫,设置抽雄始期和吐丝期持续10 d60%和90%两个不同遮光强度的弱光处理,研究了花期弱光对雌穗小花受精、结实,干物质积累及其向雌穗分配的影响。结果发现,花期弱光胁迫导致玉米地上部总干物质日增重量降低,干物质分配到雌穗的比例减少,雌穗生长变慢,受精结实率降低,影响程度随遮光率的增加而增大。抽雄始期60%和90%遮光处理10 d后恢复自然光照结实率较处理结束时的受精率均明显提高,吐丝期60%和90%遮光处理10 d后恢复自然光照结实率较处理结束时的受精率降低和持平。抽雄始期光照不足导致穗粒数较对照下降57%~91%;吐丝始期光照不足导致穗粒数较对照下降43%~81%。无论对于抽雄始期还是吐丝期,遮光处理期间的日平均光合有效辐射强度在穗粒形成中作用最大,其次为处理期间的地上部总干物质日增重。对于吐丝期,处理期间的日平均温度对穗粒数也具有直接的正效应。     

草莓日光温室立体栽培的光温效应及其影响分析

为探究日光温室立体栽培的光温效应,以‘章姬’草莓为试材,分析测定支架型、双H型和A字型3种立体栽培架的光温条件,及其对草莓早期产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,不同立体栽培架的光温条件差异较大,不受遮光影响的支架型、双H型上层和A字型上层有较好的光温条件。光合有效辐射对草莓的早期产量影响较大,相关性分析显示早期产量与光合有效辐射极显著相关,相关系数为0.70。不同立体栽培架上栽植草莓的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和平均单果重没有显著差异。     

Nitrogen Nutrition Index and Its Relationship with N Use Efficiency,Tuber Yield,Radiation Use Efficiency,and Leaf Parameters in Potatoes

Knowledge about crop growth processes in relation to N limitation is necessary to optimize N management in farming system. Plant-based diagnostic method, for instance nitrogen nutrition index （NNI） were used to determine the crop nitrogen status. This study determines the relationship of NNI with agronomic nitrogen use efficiency （AEN）, tuber yield, radiation use efficiency （RUE） and leaf parameters including leaf area index （LAI）, areal leaf N content （NJ and leaf N concentration （N0. Potatoes were grown in field at three N levels： no N （N 1）, 150 kg N ha^-1 （N2）, 300 kg N ha^-1 （N3）. N deficiency was quantified by NNI and RUE was generally calculated by estimating of the light absorbance on leaf area. NNI was used to evaluate the N effect on tuber yield, RUE, LAI, NAL, and NL. The results showed that NNI was negatively correlated with AEN, N deficiencies （NNI〈 1） which occurred for N 1 and N2 significantly reduced LAI, NL and tuber yield; whereas the N deficiencies had a relative small effect on NAL and RUE. To remove any effect other than N on these parameters, the actual ratio to maximum values were calculated for each developmental linear relationships were obtained between NNI and tuber RUE to NNI. stage of potatoes. When the NNI ranged from 0.4 to 1, positive yield, LAI, NL, while a nonlinear regression fitted the response of     

春小麦光合作用和生长响应UV-B辐射和干旱胁迫的机制研究

在室外盆栽条件下研究了春小麦Triticum aestivum品种定西-24生长和光合作用对增强UV-B辐射和干旱胁迫的响应及机制。结果表明,干旱明显影响定西-24叶绿素b的含量,对叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量的影响不显著。UV-B辐射以及与干旱复合都降低叶片叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素的含量,且复合作用大于UV-B辐射单独作用,UV-B辐射以及与干旱的复合胁迫显著地影响到类黄酮含量的积累（P<0.05）。各处理间光合作用的大小顺序为：对照>复合>干旱>UV-B辐射。干旱和UV-B复合作用下较单独作用气孔阻力有所增加。胞间CO2浓度在干旱和复合作用下升高,而在UV-B辐射下下降。收获期春小麦的总生物量比对照明显减少,其中,干旱作用下致使总生物量下降的幅度大于UV-B辐射与复合作用。同时,小穗组成和产量特征也发生变化。UV-B辐射对产量的影响大于干旱和复合作用,复合作用的减产效应低于干旱。干旱和UV-B辐射使定西-24的收获指数增加10%,在两者复合作用时收获指数变化不大。干旱和复合作用下,植物根系的根冠比增大,而UV-B辐射胁迫下根冠比变化不大。这些结果说明,UV-B辐射和干旱之间存在相互作用,一种胁迫可以减缓（轻）另外一种胁迫对春小麦的抑制作用。     

高羊茅耐寒突变体的诱发与鉴定

以高羊茅爱瑞3号品种(Festuca arundinacea Schred.cv.AireaⅢ)为材料,以60Co-r射线照射种子和分化苗.结果表明,在辐射当代选出耐寒突变体ARF001-12、ARG001-17和ARG001-16,经电解质外渗率、自然低温条件下束缚水和叶绿素含量测定,其耐寒性明显优于对照,叶根比小于对照,单株生物量低于对照,可作为新的耐寒种质利用;M0、M1代RAPD分析结果表明,其DNA已发生变异.     

同步辐射软X射线Nk对产L-乳酸米根霉的诱变效应

采用同步辐射软X射线Nk对米根霉AS 3.3461菌株进行辐射诱变,研究其对米根霉致死、菌落形态、种子培养以及发酵培养等特性方面的影响。结果表明,致死率曲线呈现为典型的马鞍型曲线,辐射剂量为0.72 kGy时菌株致死率最低;软X射线Nk辐照对米根霉菌落形态有一定影响;种子培养特性和发酵培养特性的诱变前后对比表明,种子延滞期缩短了3h,突变株N-15的L-乳酸产量提高了25.6%,LDH活性提高了95.8%,ADH的活性降低了77.7%。     

田间可调式UV-B辐射增强对籼型杂交稻“协优432”生长及产量的影响

在大田栽培条件下,研究了采用可调式UV-B辐射增强自动控制系统对晚稻品种“协优432”生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强对该水稻品种光合及产量的影响不显著,具体表现在:(1)叶绿素a、叶绿素b在分蘖期分别上升4.60%和8.37%;拔节期叶绿素a下降3.20%,叶绿素b上升0.20%;孕穗期叶绿素a、叶绿素b上升2.57%和1.52%;(2)最大光合速率在拔节期和孕穗期分别上升1.38%和下降1.29%;(3)孕穗期叶绿素荧光参数PSII效率(PhiPS2)、电子传递效率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)上升幅度为10.22%、10.22%、10.21%;(4)株高在分蘖期上升0.18%;拔节期上升0.87%;孕穗期上升3.90%;成熟期上升0.14%;(5)水稻成熟后,经UV-B辐射的水稻平均穗长增加了0.16%,每穗穗粒重、每株有效穗数、千粒重分别下降了0.35%、3.02%、1.23%。以上指标和自然日光UV-B辐射组进行方差分析,差异均不显著。     

EVALUATION OF A HEAD-REPOSITIONER AND Z-PLATE SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED ACCURACY OF DOSE DELIVERY

Radiation therapy requires accurate dose delivery to targets often identifiable only on computed tomography (CT) images. Translation between the isocenter localized on CT and laser setup for radiation treatment, and interfractional head repositioning are frequent sources of positioning error. The objective was to design a simple, accurate apparatus to eliminate these sources of error. System accuracy was confirmed with phantom and in vivo measurements. A head repositioner that fixates the maxilla via dental mold with fiducial marker Z-plates attached was fabricated to facilitate the connection between the isocenter on CT and laser treatment setup. A phantom study targeting steel balls randomly located within the head repositioner was performed. The center of each ball was marked on a transverse CT slice on which six points of the Z-plate were also visible. Based on the relative position of the six Z-plate points and the ball center, the laser setup position on each Z-plate and a top plate was calculated. Based on these setup marks, orthogonal port films, directed toward each target, were evaluated for accuracy without regard to visual setup. A similar procedure was followed to confirm accuracy of in vivo treatment setups in four dogs using implanted gold seeds. Sequential port films of three dogs were made to confirm interfractional accuracy. Phantom and in vivo measurements confirmed accuracy of 2 mm between isocenter on CT and the center of the treatment dose distribution. Port films confirmed similar accuracy for interfractional treatments. The system reliably connects CT target localization to accurate initial and interfractional radiation treatment setup.