ClassⅠ新城疫病毒概述

新城疫病毒是影响养禽业健康发展的主要病原之一。新城疫病毒只有一个血清型,但根据亲源关系可以划分为ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ两大类。ClassⅠ新城疫病毒于2006年被证实存在,当前可被细分为9个基因型(1～9)。ClassⅠ所有自然分离株均为无毒株或弱毒株,但有经人工传代返强的报道,由于其分布广泛,数量庞大,对养禽业有巨大的潜在威胁。为了更好的了解ClassⅠ新城疫毒株的生物学特性,为研究ClassⅠ新城疫病毒提供参考,现将其基因组结构、分子流行病学及检测方法等综述如下。     

IGF-Ⅰ对大鼠前体脂肪细胞增殖的影响

前体脂肪细胞是定向的干细胞系,其增殖与分化受诸多因素影响,调控前体脂肪细胞增殖分化意味着可能成功控制脂肪发育。本文采用原代培养的大鼠前体脂肪细胞,通过胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)处理,用细胞计数、生长曲线绘制、细胞倍增时间测定以及MTT比色的方法研究IGF-Ⅰ对大鼠前体脂肪细胞增殖的影响,探索控制脂肪发育的可能途径。结果表明:IGF-Ⅰ可以显著促进大鼠前体脂肪细胞增殖,缩短倍增时间。IGF-Ⅰ浓度80ng/mL为适宜浓度,倍增时间由67.49h下降到44.24h。     

Distribution of antibodies against porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2) in single site and multi-site farrow-to-finish farms in Brazil

A comparative serologic study was performed in seven single site (SS) farrow-to-finish farms and four multi-site (MS) farrow-to-finish farms, with or without post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In each farm, 30 blood samples were collected for each category of the production cycle: sows, farrowing crate, nursery, grower pigs, and finishing pigs. Sera were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2) via immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. Serologic profiles for PCV2 were different between SS and MS farms. Seroconversion following the decline in maternal antibodies occurred at a later stage on SS farms (grower pigs) than MS farms (nursery pigs). MS farms tended to have lower antibody titers than SS farms in the categories of sow, piglet, and nursery, while higher antibody titers were found in grower pigs. Characterization of serologic profiles for different farms may provide important information for the adoption of vaccination programs.     

黄芪多糖佐剂对Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌灭活疫苗的作用研究

本研究以Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌武汉分离株为菌种,经复苏、增菌、浓缩、灭活后与黄芪多糖佐剂混合制成灭活疫苗。试验鸭在5日龄时按最佳免疫剂量（0.3 mL/只）注射疫苗,免疫后第3、7、10、14、21天的攻毒保护率分别为100%、90%、100%、100%、90%,免疫后第3天即能用琼脂扩散法在血清中检测出Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌特异性抗体,效价逐渐升高,至免疫后第10天达高峰（P<0.01）。试验结果表明,该灭活疫苗能有效预防鸭传染性浆膜炎。     

离子液体/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极快速检测辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ

制备了离子液体/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(IL-GR/GCE),用线性扫描伏安法研究了苏丹红Ⅰ在IL-GR/GCE的电化学行为,并对辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ的含量进行测定。试验结果表明,苏丹红Ⅰ在IL-GR/GCE上出现了1个氧化峰,苏丹红Ⅰ浓度在10~65μmol/L范围内,线性扫描伏安法的氧化峰电流与苏丹红Ⅰ浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2μmol/L。该电化学方法简便、快捷、灵敏度高,可用于检测辣椒粉中苏丹红Ⅰ的含量。     

HPLC法测定辣椒精油中苏丹红Ⅰ和苏丹红Ⅱ

采用1%冰醋酸水溶液、1%冰醋酸溶液、20%丙酮乙腈溶液分别进行梯度洗脱,测定苏丹红Ⅰ和苏丹红Ⅱ的含量。结果表明,苏丹红Ⅰ测定的线性范围为0～1.6μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.998 9,苏丹红Ⅱ测定的线性范围为0～1.6μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.994 7。苏丹红Ⅰ的加标回收率为89.38%,苏丹红Ⅱ的加标回收率为90.27%。该方法灵敏度高,结果准确且稳定。     

PPV SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

【目的】建立一种能够快速、灵敏地检测猪细小病毒（PPV）的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法。【方法】根据GenBank中的PPV VP2基因序列,设计并合成1对引物。通过常规PCR,扩增猪细小病毒VP2基因,并将其纯化的PCR产物克隆入pGEM-T Easy 载体中,构建重组质粒。对扩增程序中的荧光染料浓度、引物浓度和Mg²⁺浓度条件进行优化,建立最佳的荧光定量 PCR 反应体系和标准曲线。以阳性重组质粒为模板,建立SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法,对其灵敏性、特异性和重复性进行检验。应用建立的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法,对临床60份疑似PPV病料进行检测,同时与血凝试验(HA)和常规PCR方法的检测效果进行比较。【结果】 在25 μL扩增体系中,Mg²⁺终浓度为4.5 mol/L、SYBR Green染料浓度为20 μmol/L、引物浓度为25 μmol/L时,本底反应最小、循环阈值最低、扩增效率最高。所建立的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法能够特异、定量地检测猪细小病毒,灵敏度达20 TCID₅₀/mL;在临床样品检测中,其检出率比常规PCR方法高13.3%。【结论】 成功建立了PPV SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,为临床猪细小病毒的早期诊断及定量分析病毒的感染程度奠定了基础。     

人双埃克病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立一种能快速、简便、灵敏地检测人双埃克病毒(Human Parechovirus,HPeV)SYBR Green I实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,根据GenBank发表的人双埃克病毒8个基因型的参考毒株全序列,针对5′端非编码区保守序列设计1对特异性引物,通过RT-PCR扩增此靶序列,构建重组质粒作为标准阳性模板,经过优化反应条件,建立标准曲线和融解曲线,对其灵敏性、特异性和重复性进行评价;检测临床粪便样品共156份,并与常规套式RT-PCR检测结果进行比较。结果显示,建立的标准曲线Ct值与模板浓度呈现良好的线性关系(r2=0.999),融解曲线特异,检测灵敏度可达60拷贝/μL,比常规PCR检测方法高100倍,重复性变异系数小(<1%),能特异地检测HPeV。临床样本检测结果也表明该法(检出30份)灵敏度高于套式RT-PCR(检出21份)。实验结果证明建立的实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性,有望成为HPeVs的分子诊断、流行病学调查等相关研究的工具。     

Estimation of the selenium requirement of growing guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

The aim of the study was to determine the selenium (Se) requirement of guinea pigs as a species unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. Forty-nine male guinea pigs (average weight 208 ± 3.5 g) were divided into an initial status group and six experimental groups. The animals received a Se deficient Torula yeast based basal diet (<0.02 mg Se and 26 mg α-tocopherol/kg) or a Se addition of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 mg/kg diet as sodium selenate for 10 weeks. There was no significant difference in weight gain (final weight 643 ± 21 g) between the groups and no clinical symptoms of Se deficiency occurred. With the exception of the testes, there was an increasing Se concentration in liver, plasma and haemolysate dependent on supplementation level. Glutathione peroxidase was determined in the plasma and Se dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) in haemolysate, liver, kidney, heart and lung. Thioredoxin reductase (TR) activity was measured in liver, kidney and heart and deiodinase activity in the liver. A phospholipid hydroperoxide reducing activity with Se influence was determined in liver, kidney, heart, testes and brain. With the exception of GPx1 activity in heart and haemolysate and TR activity in the kidney, all enzymes already reached their maximal activity at 0.05 mg Se/kg diet. The activities of GPx1 and TR were used as parameters for broken line analysis and a Se requirement of 0.080 mg Se/kg diet was derived as sufficient for growing guinea pigs adequately supplied with vitamin E.