牡丹峰国家森林公园开发强度控制策略

通过构建景观敏感度和景观阀值评价体系,对牡丹峰国家森林公园各景区的景观敏感度和景观阀值进行评价;根据评价得到的各个景区的敏感度和阀值级别,分别制定了各个景区相应的开发利用策略。     

华北石质山区山茱萸人工林蒸腾特征及水分供求关系

于2005年及2006年主要生长季节(4-9月),采用由热扩散植物液流技术测算得到的蒸腾速率数据,结合同步观测得到降雨量,分析华北石质山区15年生山茱萸人工林耗水规律及水分供求关系.结果表明:1)山茱萸人工林蒸腾量呈现出明显的日际变化或月变化特征.表现为4-5月逐渐升高、6月左右达到高峰值、7月以后逐渐降低.2005年及2006年4-9月蒸腾总量分别为265.3和194.9 mm,4-9月各月蒸腾总量占蒸腾总量的比例在2005年分别为10.7%、22.3%、21.6%、21.2%、12.9%和11.2%,在2006年分别为16.2%、20.2%、20.3%、17.9%、13.6%和11.2%;2)蒸腾与冠层太阳总辐射、空气温度、湿度及风速等微气象要素有很好的复相关性(α=0.01),偏相关系数表明,各月内影响蒸腾的最主要微气象因子都是冠层太阳总辐射;3)4-9月降雨总量与蒸腾总量的比值(R/Tr)＞1.0,且除4月外,其他各月R/Tr也大于或接近于1.0,说明除4月外,降水可以满足山茱萸人工林蒸腾耗水的需要.     

土壤水分对核桃幼树蒸腾特性的影响

采用人工控制土壤水分的方法,在核桃幼树生长季对其蒸腾速率、叶温、室温、相对湿度、光合有效辐射、气孔导度进行了测定。结果表明:不同土壤水分条件下,核桃幼树蒸腾速率日变化差异显著,当土壤含水量在8%以下时,蒸腾速率的日变化不明显,土壤含水量为8%~11%时可维持其各项生理功能;通过对日蒸散量的研究,认为在该区11%的土壤含水量即可满足幼树的生长,下限值为8%。通过回归分析得出当土壤水分充足时,蒸腾速率与环境因子相关性高,反之则低。     

Adaptation of herbaceous plant species in the understorey of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus brutia</Emphasis>

Most of Pinus brutia (Ten.) Holmboe forests are grazed, as silvopastoralism is well adapted in the Mediterranean environment. However, little attention has been paid to the demographic dynamic of the understorey vegetation even though it is strongly affected by the absorbed radiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptation of herbaceous plant species under a Pinus brutia canopy, in Northern Greece. Monocultures of four plant groups (annual and perennial grasses, annual and perennial legumes) were sown in experimental areas of 50%, 70% and 100% light intensity. The density of annual and perennial grasses and perennial legumes were decreased by the shade cast by the Pinus brutia canopy. Population density of the annual legumes was little affected by light intensity: the annual grasses Bromus mollis L. and Lolium rigidum Gaudin; the perennial grasses Dactylis glomerata L. var. palestine, Festuca arundinacea and Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn; the perennial legume Medicago sativa L. var. romana; the annual legumes Medicago lupulina L. and all the tested varieties of Trifolium subterraneum adapted well to the 50% light intensity habitat.     

蒟蒻薯净光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化

在晴天条件下,研究了蒟蒻薯(Tacca chantrieri)生长期的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率。结果表明,蒟蒻薯净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,光合"午休"现象明显;气孔导度的降低会引起蒸腾速率的降低;蒸腾速率日变化也呈双峰曲线,平均蒸腾速率为0.186mmol.m-2.s-1,平均水分利用率为12.071μmol CO2/mmol H2O。     

Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method

lNTRoDUCTIONTheon-sitcnon-dcstructit'cmcasurcl11cntofu.oodmoisbocontcntattTactsgrcatintcrcsts.Itpla3'simpor-tantpartsinthescicntificrcscarchsucl1asonthchcatandmasstransportproccssesint"ooddri'ing.thcim-pregnationofliquidinxt'ood.thcmoisturccontcntdistri-b…     

Differential responses of Bolivian timber species to prescribed fire and other gap treatments

We followed the establishment and growth response of 13 commercial tree species to canopy opening, above-ground biomass removal, and experimental burns of low and high intensities in a lowland dry forest in Bolivia. Three patterns of response to treatments were observed among the most abundant commercial tree species. (1) Shade-intolerant species regenerated mostly from seed and had the highest survival and growth rates following high-intensity burns. (2) Shade-tolerant species were abundant in gap control and plant removal treatments. Treatments had little effect on the height growth of these species. (3) Individuals of root sprouting species were most abundant following plant removal and low-intensity burn treatments. Treatments had little effect on the height growth of these species. The wide variation in species responses to gap treatments found in this study not only reinforces the concept that species are distributed along a continuum of shade-tolerance levels, but that other aspects of species biology, such as seed dispersal type or sprouting behavior, further differentiate regeneration strategies. The variety of regeneration strategies found among the species at this forest site will require a flexible management scheme that mixes more intensive silvicultural treatments such as prescribed burning with less intensive treatments.     

Root exposure effects on water relations of Eucalyptus nitens nursery stock

Bare-root seedlings of Eucalyptus nitens frequently exhibit water stress after planting resulting in leaf lamina damage and reduced leaf area. Two trials examined effects of root exposure and desiccation between lifting and transplanting on post-planting water relations, leaf retention and root growth. Plants with roots exposed on a glasshouse bench initially lost water rapidly. In one trial ₁ declined to around –2.0 MPa within 2.5 h, after which there was no further change with exposure up to 7.5 h. In the second trial, the initial decline in ₁ was more rapid, reaching below –2.0 MPa in the first hour, before remaining stable with continuing exposure up to 4.5 h. A further decline then continued to –4.0 MPa after 7.5 h.Two days after transplanting into potting mix, day – time leaf water potentials in all desiccation treatments had declined to near –2.0 MPa. Hydraulic resistivity, measured as leaf specific resistivity two days after transplanting, increased following exposure for greater than 2.5 h, but there was no further increase between 4.5 and 7.5 h. The increase in resistivity corresponded with leaf water potential declining below –2.0 MPa during exposure.In the second trial, increasing root exposure time resulted in decreased leaf area due to lamina necrosis. Root growth, measured three weeks after planting, was also reduced. and there was also a positive curvilinear relationship between leaf area remaining at three weeks and new root growth. The results are discussed in terms of hardiness and the management of E. nitens seedlings from nursery to plantation.     

光照强度对雷竹无性系生长的影响

通过野外实验，对雷竹无性系在不同光照强度下的生长进行了对比分析，结果表明，随着光照强度的降低，雷竹无性系分株数、分株高度、分株基径、无性系根茎总长度、分株根茎长度显著降低，而间隔子长度不断增加；在不同光照条件下，根茎节间长度和分枝角度没有显著变化；随着光照强度的降低，无性系单位长度根茎生物量下降。并对雷竹无性系根茎生长对光照强度的适应对策进行了讨论。     

WZF-88型微机呼吸测定仪的研制

WZF—88型微机呼吸测定仪,是由吸收系统、二氧化碳气敏传感器和测试系统三部分组成的一种新型呼吸测定仪器,使用这种仪器时,被测定生物活体在呼吸过程中释放的CO_2,经过NaOH液吸收装置,成为碳酸化合物,随后用HCl酸化,使其再转化为CO_2。通过与测试系统相匹配的二氧化碳气敏传感器,测定溶液中CO_2的分压(或浓度),即可求得其呼吸强度。实验表明,这种仪器的性能稳定,操作简便、快速,测试精度高、适用范围广,生产成本也比较低廉,是很有竞争能力的一种高精度呼吸强度测定仪器。通过技术鉴定,现已在江苏电分析仪器厂投入小批量生产。