农杆菌介导glgC-TM基因转化水稻研究

 利用农杆菌介导将glgC-TM基因导入多个水稻品种。研究表明农杆菌转化过程中，潮霉素是一种很好的筛选剂，成熟胚以及国产的羧苄青霉素不适宜用作农杆菌介导的遗传转化。不同品种以及不同的质粒在转化过程中对抗性愈伤的得率和阳性植株的转化率不存在显著影响。T1代PCR检测表明，在转基因当代就有可能获得转基因纯系。     

Constructing the barley model for genetic transformation in Triticeae

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest domesticated crops, showing dramatic adaptation to various climate and environmental conditions. As a major cereal crop, barley ranks the 4th after wheat, maize and rice in terms of planting area and production all over the world. Due to its diploid nature, the cultivated barley is considered as an ideal model to study the polyploid wheat and other Triticeae species. Here, we reviewed the development, optimization, and application of transgenic approaches in barley. The most efficient and robust genetic transformation has been built on the Agrobacterium-mediated transfer in conjunction with the immature embryo-based regeneration. We then discussed future considerations of using more practical technologies in barley transformation, such as the T-DNA/transposon tagging and the genome editing. As a cereal crop amenable to genetic transformation, barley will serve as the most valuable carrier for global functional genomics in Triticeae and is becoming the most practical model for generating value-added products.     

生态型无土基质草毯生产设计研究

该文对无土基质草毯特点进行了阐述,探讨了有机基质、无机基质在无土草毯生产上的应用,结合相关试验结果及资料提出了坪床设计、基质处理及建植技术等工艺设计,为无土基质草毯生产及利用提供参考。     

两种基体改进剂在蔬菜样品农药残留基质效应中的补偿作用

建立了蔬菜中有机磷、有机氯和菊酯类农药等43种化合物的气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,评价了分析过程中添加基体改进剂L-古洛糖酸γ-内酯(AP)和D-山梨醇(SLC)对农残分析中基质效应补偿作用的影响。结果表明,对大多数有机磷农药,尤其是甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧乐果等基质敏感农药而言,AP具有显着的基质补偿作用,能够实现对基质敏感农药的保护和非基质敏感农药不受影响,平均回收率为82.4%～120.7%,RSD为0.7%～3.5%;加入基体改进剂AP的方法可以代替基质匹配校正方法进行有机磷农药的检测和定量。对于常规基质中的有机氯和菊酯类农药,只需添加AP就能实现对基质效应的补偿作用,大部分农药回收率能达到80%～120%,说明加入AP的方法同样可以代替基质匹配校正方法;对于复杂基质中的有机氯农药,除o,p'-滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴涕外,基体改进剂的加入能够起到明显的补偿作用,且以AP和SLC的混合溶液的补偿效果最佳;对于菊酯类农药,这2种基体改进剂的3种组合补偿效果不尽相同,还需进一步研究。总之,所建立的基体改进剂方法结合简捷高效的前处理方法及高灵敏度的GC-MS/MS多残留检测方法,可用于蔬菜等农产品中农药多残留的分析检测。     

Transferring water from irrigation to higher valued uses: a case study of the Zhanghe irrigation system in China

The Zhanghe irrigation system (ZIS) is located in the Yangtze River Basin approximately 200 km west of Wuhan in Hubei Province. The reservoir was designed for multiple uses—irrigation, flood control, domestic water supply, industrial use, aquaculture, and hydropower. Over a period of more than 30 years a steadily increasing amount of water has been transferred from irrigation to other uses. Activities on the part of government, irrigation system managers, and farmers made this transfer possible with only modest decline in rice production. Most important factor was the steady increase in rice yields. The water pricing system provided an incentive for ZIS to reduce irrigation releases. With the steady decline in releases, farmers were forced to find ways to save water. Farmers improved existing ponds and built new ones to store water (improved infrastructure). Access to pond water on demand facilitated the adoption of alternate wetting and drying (technology) particularly in dry years. The establishment of volumetric pricing (price policy) and water user associations (institutions) may also have provided incentives for adoption of AWD, but more research is needed to establish their impact. These activities taken together can be seen as potentially complementary measures. Farmers received no direct compensation for the transfer of water, but recently farm taxes have been reduced or altogether abolished. Further reduction in water releases from the ZIS reservoir could adversely affect rice production in normal or dry years.     

不同栽培条件对花生生长发育的影响

对不同栽培条件下花生干物质的积累、分配与转移规律进行研究。结果表明：干物质分配苗期以营养器官为主。花期营养器官与生殖器官并进。以后叶片中的干物质越来越多地转移到生殖器官．饱果成熟期叶片仍保持一定的绿叶面积，能继续供给生殖器官干物质。地膜覆盖与露地栽培相比．更有利于干物质积累、分配与转移．主要表现在LAI增加．生物产量提高．覆膜能显著提高地温．增加土壤水分与速效养分含量。     

Dynamic modeling and control of a padder roller system

This is the first time in the literature dealing with the dynamic modeling and control of a rotating padder roller system. It is intended to design a control system with effective scheme and robustness to stabilize all vibration modes of a rotating padder roller system by using one set of sensor and actuator. The controller design depends on the specific pole-zero patterns. In practice, the pole-zero patterns remain the same, no matter how the physical system parameters are different. By properly placing the actuator and sensor, a realizable controller and sensor is designed to stabilize all the vibration modes and make the closed loop system absolutely stable. This will suppress the vibration without suffering from spillover and can eliminate an infinite number of vibration modes. The performance of this controller has been successfully implemented by computer simulation.     

基于深度学习的马铃薯叶片病害检测方法#br# #br#

植物病害对食品安全具有灾难性的影响,它可以直接导致农作物的质量和产量显著下降,因此对植物病害的早期鉴定非常重要。传统的农作物病害诊断需要非常高的专业知识,不仅费时费力,还效率低下。针对这些问题,利用深度学习的方法,以马铃薯叶片为研究样本,基于TensorFlow开发Faster R-CNN网络模型。采用本地增强的方式对带有早疫病、晚疫病和健康的马铃薯叶片进行图像扩充,应用COCO初始权重进行迁移学习,探究了数据类别对模型检测结果的影响。结果表明,随着训练数据类别的增多模型性能会有略微的降低。同时还训练YOLOv3,YOLOv4网络与该模型进行对比,测试结果表明,所提出的Fater R-CNN模型优于其他网络模型。经检测该模型最佳精度达到99.5%,该研究为马铃薯病害检测提供了技术支持。     

金融支持·农户行为与农地流转

农户可获得的金融支持情况对农户流转行为及农地流转规模具有重要影响.基于陕西省农户获得金融支持情况,采用多元Logit模型和Tobit模型对样本数据进行计量分析,结果表明农户是否获得农业贷款、是否获得农业补贴、过去3年是否有借款、是否从正规机构借款以及借款的难易程度等金融支持变量对农户流转行为和流转规模有显著的影响.根据研究结论,从财政金融、政策性金融、银行金融和金融产品创新等方面提出了相关建议,并对土地流转的非粮化与国家粮食安全问题进行了进一步讨论.