不同植被恢复模式土壤结构特征与健康评价

对湘西女儿寨流域不同植被恢复类型的土壤结构特征研究和健康评价的结果表明:荒草灌丛容重最高,人工林土壤容重高于天然林及混交林;对土壤孔隙状况的改善作用表现为林分类型优于荒草灌丛类型,天然林优于人工林,0~20 cm土层优于20~40 cm土层;土壤团聚体平均重量直径以油桐人工林、杜仲人工林最高,马尾松天然林、毛竹杉木混交林其次,而润楠次生林、荒草灌丛、杉木人工林较低;各层土壤团聚体分形维数值大小排序为:毛竹杉木混交林>马尾松天然林>荒草灌丛、润楠次生林>杜仲人工林>油桐人工林>杉木人工林;土壤结构健康综合评价的灰色关联分析结果表明,土壤结构以荒草灌丛最差,油桐人工林最好,其余类型介于两者之间.研究结果可为女儿寨流域及我国类似生态脆弱区的植被恢复与重建提供一定依据和参考.     

不同利用方式对纳帕海湿地土壤质量的影响

不同利用方式对纳帕海湿地土壤质量影响的研究,结果表明:与原生沼泽相比,浅水沼泽草甸,排干用于放牧的草甸和垦后湿地的土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,此两种土壤的速效养分和有机质、全氮一样变化在不同利用方式的湿地中,均随人为活动干扰的加剧而不断下降。在不同利用方式湿地的土壤酶活性中,蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与其土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性。综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与原生沼泽相比,不同利用方式下的湿地均出现退化。     

不同母岩母质上土壤特性的分析与研究

不同的母岩母质，一般形成不同性质的土壤。分析研究不同母岩母质上发育的土壤特性，对于指导农林业生产具有重要的意义。本文仅就河北省西陵地区几种主要母岩质上发育的土壤做了初步的分析。经研究发现，不同母岩母质上发育形成的土壤，其物理化学性质都存在很大的差异。     

黄土高原中槐生长调查分析

为了解中槐生长规律和不同条件下的生长情况，我们对中槐片林和散生木采用了标准的地和优势木调查。其生长规律是前5年高生长快，但径生长慢，5年后高生长减缓，而径生长较快，材积15年后生长加快；中槐生长一般随海拔增高而减缓；不同地形部位生长以原面和川道为好，其次为沟底，沟坡中部生长最差；不同土壤生长以塿土和黄墡土为最好，其次为黄绵土，绵沙土最差。     

仿桑园优质土壤肥料的研究(Ⅲ)──仿桑园优质土壤肥料试验

以桑园优质土壤中主要矿质营养的数量及比例为基础，研制了仿优质土壤桑树专用肥料，按照山东省棕壤、褐土、潮土３大类土壤测定肥效，经过３ａ的小区试验、中试及推广，认为该肥能有效地提高桑叶产量并能改进叶质，经济效益较高。     

Effects of strip wise tillage in combination with liming on chemical and physical properties of acidic spruce forest soils after clear cutting

We investigated the initial effects of strip wise soil loosening (0–35 cm depth) on soil chemical and physical parameters by using a deeply working rotary cultivator in combination with liming and mixing of the dolomite with the soil material of acidic forests. The investigations took place 8 months after the treatment. pH values and contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg increased significantly at the tilled depth whereas the content of exchangeable Al and easily soluble P decreased. The rate of mineralisation increased at this depth which was shown by a loss of Corg, Ntot and short-term loss of NO₃-N. The treatment led to a mobilisation of Mn at the tilled depth. However, the content of exchangeable Pb decreased due to an increased pH value. Below the tillage depth of 35 cm only partly significant changes of exchangeable Mn and NO₃-N were found. The total porosity and bulk density at 10–15 and 40–45 cm depths were not significantly different from those in the control plot, but the rate of infiltration increased significantly.     

马尾松水土保持林水文功能计量研究──Ⅰ．林冠截留与土壤贮水能力

对马尾松水土保持林的截水与持水功能进行了计量研究．结果表明：林冠的截水量与冠层枝叶生物量呈正相关；林分的截雨量和降雨量的关系可用Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ函数较好地拟合；灌木的截水能力与其叶质叶形有关，林分枯落物不仅具有较强的特水能力，还能明显改善土壤结构；土壤的非毛管孔隙度受植被因素的显著影响．并提出了各植被因子的持水模型和土壤孔隙度预测模型．     

Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the midwestern USA: 2. Competition for water

A study was carried out in an alley cropping system in the Eastern Maize Belt of the United States with the objective of quantifying the competition for water between trees (black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Spatial and temporal variation in soil moisture, tree and maize rooting patterns, tree and maize water uptake, and maize leaf area expansion were determined in three treatments; barrier (polyethylene root barriers separating maize and tree roots), trench (trenching without a polyethylene barrier), and no barrier (control). Significant temporal variation in soil moisture was observed in both black walnut and red oak alley cropping systems. The barrier and trench treatments resulted in higher soil moisture in the maize alley and lower soil moisture in the tree row than the no barrier treatment. Uptake of water by maize was higher in the barrier than the no barrier treatment. However, tree water uptake was higher in the no barrier treatment than in the barrier treatment because tree roots utilized water from the maize alley. Maize leaf area was negatively impacted by water stress in the no barrier treatment. Quantification of rooting patterns revealed that maize and tree roots were concentrated in the top 30 cm soil layer where water fluctuations were greatest. The barrier and trench treatments successfully eliminated the belowground root competition between trees and maize and resulted in greater leaf area and higher grain yields than the no barrier treatment. Thus, competition for water rather than competition for light seems to be critical in defining the productivity and sustainability of this alley cropping system.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

上海新建绿地的土壤质量现状和对策

对上海新建的18块绿地319个土壤样品的调查分析显示，上海新建城市绿地土壤质量存在以下一些共性：pH呈碱性或强碱性；电导率（EC值）和有机质含量偏低；土壤密度偏高，42．45％的土壤大于1．35Mg·m^-3；土壤通气性差，83．2％的土壤通气孔隙度〈5％；土壤阳离子含量适中，其中水解性氮和有效磷含量低，但速效钾含量适中；土壤质地基本为壤质土。土壤质量是限制上海新建城市绿地植物生长和生态景观效果发挥的主要限制因子之一，针对上海城市土壤存在问题，建议从城市土壤标准建立、采样方法、测试方法、植物营养平衡、土壤安全性、土壤改良与废弃物利用、管理对策等几个方面提高城市绿地的土壤质量。     

浅论北方地区园林绿化设计中的节水措施

针对我国北方城市园林绿化设计中存在的用水不合理问题,阐述了发展节水型园林的必要性,提出了北方城市园林绿化设计中的节水措施。