Significance of salt transport patterns in rice varieties differing in salt tolerance

Abstract

The absorption mechanisms for Na, K, SO₄ and Cl were tested in a salt tolerant (PVR 1) and a salt sensitive (GEB 24) rice varieties. The salt tolerant variety accumulated significantly larger amounts of Na than the salt sensitive variety. Further, PVR 1 absorbed SO₄ from Na₂SO₄ in preference to that from K₂SO₄. The absorption patterns for K and Cl were similar in both the varieties. It is concluded that the capacity of plant species to accumulate greater amounts of Na is a reflection of their halophytic feature.     

Effect of high rates of zinc on several crops grown on an irrigated plainfield sand

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to determine whether Zn applied for pathogen control could accumulate to a level which would be toxic to snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) was applied at rates varying from 0 to 363 kg Zn/ha on a Flainfield loamy sand to approximate 3, 9, 27 and 81 years of fungicidal treatment.

Even at the high rate of Zn, yields of snapbeans, cucumbers, or corn generally were not reduced. As rates of applied Zn increased, there was a corresponding increase in the level of Zn in the leaf tissue of all crops grown. At the high Zn rate, snapbean and cucumber leaf tissue accumulated over 350 ppm Zn. Available soil Zn was extracted with 0.1N HCl, EDTA, or DTPA. Highly significant correlations were observed between the Zn removed by each extractant and plant tissue Zn, thus, indicating that the various extractants were equally effective in predicting Zn uptake.

Very little downward movement of Zn was observed. Two and one‐half years after application, the Zn had leached to a depth of only 30 cm in the soil profile at the higher Zn rates.

These data indicate that application of Zn‐containing fungicides and bactericides should not cause a Zn toxicity problem on the Plainfield sand in the foreseeable future.     

早熟苦瓜新品种春研2号的选育

春研2号苦瓜是以强雌系A94为母本、自交系B8为父本育成的早熟苦瓜一代杂种,表现早熟、丰产、连续结果能力强、抗逆性强、品质优等优良特性。果实青白色,棒形,单果约重400g,粒瘤,富有光泽,苦味适中,口感脆嫩,外观商品性及风味品质佳。可露地早熟栽培或春季保护地栽培,一般产量60000～90000kg/hm2,前期产量、总产量、品质性状优于蓝山苦瓜。     

基于组态王的玉米果穗烘干监控系统设计

为充分保证种子烘干质量和发芽率，避免种子烘干效率低、人为操作失误等问题，采用研华ADAM4000系列数据采集模块，设计了基于组态王6.53的玉米果穗烘干监控系统，实现了对影响玉米果穗烘干质量的温度、压力数据的采集、处理和监控。在工控机上使用组态王实现了对数据分析处理、故障报警等功能，为提高果穗烘干质量提供了技术保障。应用情况表明，系统运行稳定可靠，人机界面友好，能够满足监控系统实时性、可靠性的要求。     

豫东地区能源型甘薯品种的筛选

为选育适合豫东地区自然条件的高产高淀粉型甘薯品种,在河南省商丘市进行了生产试验,并测定各品种的鲜薯产量、薯干产量、干物质量、淀粉率及主要病虫害抗性。结果表明:徐薯22、商薯19和金玉3种能源生产专用型甘薯品种能更好地适应当地条件,其淀粉含量比当地主栽品种豫薯9号提高10%左右,产量提高5%～10%。大力发展能源型甘薯种植能使农民增收,使用生物质能源可有效减轻大气污染,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益明显。     

浅析玉米缺粒与秃尖症状发生原因及对策

玉米生产过程中,而忽视了玉米缺粒与秃尖等生理病害的发生与预防,在生产实践中常造成严重的损失。为此探讨玉米缺粒与秃尖症状发生原因及防治对策,对减轻或避免玉米生产中玉米缺粒与秃尖等生理病害造成的损失有重要意义。     

泗阳县玉米测土配方施肥试验

为明确测土配方技术在泗阳地区玉米生产过程中的实际效果，通过田间试验对玉米生育期、产量构成和效益等进行了对比分析。试验结果显示：采用14.8-9-8的肥料配比能显著提升玉米肥料利用率，提高产量和收益。相较常规施肥，测土配方施肥对玉米生育期影响较小，但玉米穗粒数和千粒重提升效果显著，分别提升了1.88%和3.89%；测土配方施肥的氮、磷、钾肥利用率和养分平均利用率分别为40.77%、28.02%、51.18%，相较常规施肥分别提升了11.55%、4.07%、21.46%，养分平均利用率提升了12.36%；测土配方施肥籽粒产量为9535.04kg/ha，相较常规施肥增产429.99kg，增产率为4.72%，纯收益每公顷提升1269.60元。     

甜高粱育种思路探讨

甜高粱生物产量高,含糖量高,乙醇转化率高,抗逆性强,是能源作物,对其合理开发利用,对我国粮食安全、能源安全具有重大意义。我国甜高粱育种水平落后,现有品种不能适应生产发展的需要。创新育种思路,可从选育粮糖兼用型品种和自交不结实的品种方面进行甜高粱品种选育。     

不同复合菌剂对甘薯营养成分的影响

本文以朝日8号 为材料进行田间小区试验，研究了9组不同复合菌剂对甘薯产量和品质的影响。与对照相比，苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt1、肠杆菌属Es和戊糖片球菌PP1形成的组合1的增产效果最高，与对照相比增产17.02%；复合菌剂处理均显著改变了甘薯的营养品质和DPPH自由基清除率，增加或减少了水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、总糖、还原性糖、胡萝卜素、维生素C和多酚等营养成分的含量，增加或减少了DPPH自由基清除率。复合菌剂组合1较好的改善了甘薯。