杂交水稻制种花时不遇的生态生理机制研究 Ⅱ.温湿互作配比与花时相遇的关系

对杂交水稻花时习性及花时相遇状况与各温湿度因子及其温湿互作配比的相互关系的统计分析表明：开花当天及其前一天的平均温度对花时的影响较大,湿度对花时的影响因温度不同而不同;制种的父母本花时受温湿度影响程度有一定的差异;花时同步指数与温湿配比之间存在着二次抛物线回归关系,并给出了其最优回归方程。不同温湿互作配比下的比较研究表明,相对湿度在温度较高时对花时相遇的影响更大,高湿在温度较高时有利于母本花时提前和集中,却使父本花时相对延迟。     

夏玉米冠层温度变化的时滞效应及其对土壤水分监测的影响

考虑冠层温度变化的时滞效应,可能在一定程度上能够提高土壤含水率的监测精度.该研究以灌浆期的夏玉米为研究对象,利用精密红外温度传感器(SI-411)连续监测I1(田间持水量的85％～100％)、I2(田间持水量的70％～85％)和I3(田间持水量的50％～65％)3个不同水分处理下的冠层温度,并同步获取试验地地面净辐射、...     

泰山赤鳞鱼异地饲养试验

从泰山引进５０尾赤鳞鱼鱼苗,在淄博室内水泥池进行异地饲养试验,经过合理投饵,调控水质,加强管理,试养１０个月,体重增长３５３％,体长增长１７３％,成活率９４％,打破“离开泰山之水,赤鳞鱼不能生存”的古有说法,证明异地饲养可行的,对泰山赤鳞鱼的食性,生长及所适水温,溶氧,ｐＨ值,水肥度,光照等进行了研究。     

Marine temperatures experienced by postsmolts and the survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in the North Sea area

The survival of two Atlantic salmon stocks that inhabit rivers confluent with the North Sea was examined in respect to historical distributions of sea surface water temperatures. The rivers Figgjo and North Esk are relatively small salmon rivers in southern Norway and eastern Scotland, respectively. Wild salmon smolts have been tagged in these rivers since 1965. Tag returns were used to evaluate the survival of salmon in the North Sea. Survival rates of one-sea-winter (1SW) and 2SW fish were correlated within stocks, as well as between stocks. Survival rates were compared with the areal extent of thermal habitat in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. A positive correlation was found between the area of 8–10°C water in May and the survival of salmon. A reciprocal negative correlation was also found between survival and 5–7°C water in the same month. An analysis of sea surface temperature distributions for periods of good vs. poor salmon survival showed that when cool surface waters dominate the Norwegian coast and North Sea during May, salmon survival has been poor. Conversely, when the 8°C isotherm has extended northward along the Norwegian coast during May, survival has been good. The effect of water temperature distributions on the growth of postsmolts and other survival factors are discussed.     

A model‐based meso‐zooplankton production index and its relation to the ocean survival of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

The ocean survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off the Pacific Northwest coast has been related to oceanographic conditions regulating lower trophic level production during their first year at sea. Coastal upwelling is recognized as the primary driver of seasonal plankton production but as a single index upwelling intensity has been an inconsistent predictor of coho salmon survival. Our goal was to develop a model of upwelling‐driven meso‐zooplankton production for the Oregon shelf ecosystem that was more immediately linked to the feeding conditions experienced by juvenile salmon than a purely physical index. The model consisted of a medium‐complexity plankton model linked to a simple one‐dimensional, cross‐shelf upwelling model. The plankton model described the dynamics of nitrate, ammonium, small and large phytoplankton, meso‐zooplankton (copepods), and detritus. The model was run from 1996 to 2007 and evaluated on an interannual scale against time‐series observations of copepod biomass. The model’s ability to capture observed interannual variability improved substantially when the copepod community size distribution was taken into account each season. The meso‐zooplankton production index was significantly correlated with the ocean survival of hatchery coho salmon from the Oregon production area, although the coastal upwelling index that drove the model was not itself correlated with survival. Meso‐zooplankton production within the summer quarter (July–September) was more strongly correlated with coho survival than was meso‐zooplankton production in the spring quarter (April–June).     

Effect of amylase on growth,survival and proximate composition of the Polychaete,Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840)

The effect of amylase on growth performance, survival rate and proximate composition of Perinereis cultrifera was investigated. The amylase produced by Bacillus sp. was added to polychaete basal diets at three concentrations such as 50, 100 and 150 mg kg^?1 in experiments I, II and III, respectively. After 90 days, polychaete receiving the diets supplemented with enzymes at 150 mg kg^?1 showed significantly better growth performance and survival rate than those fed the basal diet (Control). Among these experimental animals, the maximum protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash contents were recorded in experiment III, whereas moisture content was maximum in control and minimum in experiment III. The essential fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0), margaric acid (C17:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and arachidonic acid (C20:4ω‐6) occurred at higher concentration in experiment group than in control. Thus, the amylase produced by Bacillus sp. significantly influenced growth, survival rate and proximate composition of P. cultrifera which has importance in aquaculture industry.     

30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油等量施药的次数及时间对稻田除草效果的影响

为探索如何提高稻田除草剂使用效率, 实现除草剂减量使用, 本试验以30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油为供试药剂, 以‘甬优1540’为供试水稻, 保持除草剂总量一致的前提下, 利用大田试验和温室盆栽试验, 通过设置插秧前?插秧时?插秧后单次施用100%推荐剂量, 插秧前和插秧后各施用50%推荐剂量, 插秧前及苗期各施用50%推荐剂量, 以及不施用除草剂的6种处理, 研究不同施药次数及施药时间对稻田禾本科?阔叶类?莎草科三类杂草及其总草防除效果的影响?温室盆栽试验表明, 与其他处理相比, 采用30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油于移秧后3 d施药50%推荐剂量及苗期再施50%推荐剂量的处理, 可使水稻移栽后24 d时的稗草?千金子和耳叶水苋发生量明显少于其他施药方式, 说明该施药方式对稻田杂草具有明显的抑制作用; 此外, 大田试验表明, 采用上述同样的施药方式, 可使水稻在移栽后36 d时的分蘖在各处理中达到最大量, 为16.90万/667m2, 且杂草总发生量最少, 为17.00株/m2, 杂草株防效最高, 为84.17%?本研究表明, 30%苄嘧·丙草胺乳油在移秧后3 d施用50%推荐剂量, 及苗期再施50%推荐剂量, 对稻田杂草防除效果较好?     

光照和水流对巴布亚硝水母存活时间及存活率的影响

利用人工繁殖的巴布亚硝水母30个碟状体、幼水母和成体水母,分别设立了静止和合适水流及3个光照水平,研究了不同光照和水流对其碟状体、幼水母和成体存活时间及存活率的影响。试验结果表明,光照的性质和时间决定了巴布亚硝水母碟状体和幼水母的存活率,对成体的存活时间也有显著影响。水流对碟状体有显著影响,而对幼水母和成体来说则是必须的。自然光照条件下,水母体色较浅,呈蓝色,随着卤素灯光照时间延长,体色变深,呈蓝褐色。水流还与水母的某些行为有关,在流水环境中水母喜欢聚集和逆水游动。     

匙吻鲟大规格鱼种培育技术研究

2011年4月～6月,从湖北引进平均全长8mm,平均体重0．006g的匙吻鲟（Polyodon spathuk）水花50000尾,进行了大规格鱼种培育技术研究。苗种培育前期主要采用枝角类作为生物饵料,当鱼苗全长达到50mm时开始进行人工微颗粒配合饲料驯化,经一周左右驯化,鱼苗均可摄食微颗粒配合饲料。经过48d培育,鱼苗平均全长为186mm,平均体重为25．635g,存活率达57．8％,取得了较好的培育效果。     

2种底栖硅藻饲养杂色鲍幼体和稚贝的饵料效果

用羽纹藻（Pinnularia sp．）、简单双眉藻（Amprhoraexigua）、羽纹藻和简单双眉藻混合（混合组）作为饵料,以自然海区采集的硅藻作对照,研究其对杂色鲍（Haliotisdiversicolor）幼体和稚贝成活和生长的影响,确定人工分离的2种硅藻的饵料效果。结果表明,2种底栖硅藻在杂色鲍育苗中具有一定的饵料价值。饵料种类对不同规格杂色鲍的成活率和生长影响显著,并且2个观测指标的结果相同。幼体羽纹藻组、简单双眉藻、混合组3组间的成活率、生长无显著差异,但都明显比对照组低;稚贝简单双眉藻、混合组和对照组无显著差异,羽纹藻组显著比对照组低。