Characterization of Nitrate-Reducing and Amino Acid–Using Bacteria Prominent in Nitrotoxin-Enriched Equine Cecal Populations

Horses can be at risk for nitropoisoning by consuming plants containing 3-nitro-1-propionic acid or 3-nitro-1-propanol and to a lesser extent by plants containing nitrate. Populations of equine cecal microbes enriched for enhanced rates of 3-nitro-1-propionic acid (NPA) or nitrate metabolism were cultured for NPA- or nitrate-metabolizing bacteria on basal enrichment medium or tryptose soy agar supplemented with either 5-mM NPA or nitrate and under H₂:CO₂ (20:80) as the energy source. After 72 hours, separated colonies picked from plates, or roll tubes were cultured in fresh broth medium for 72 hours and then identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates from the NPA-enriched populations were identified as Streptococcus lutetiensis (five strains), Escherichia coli (two strains), and Sporanaerobacter acetigens (one strain). Strains isolated from nitrate-enriched populations were identified as Escherichia coli (one strain) and Wolinella succinogenes (three strains). None of these strains degraded NPA. Enriched populations of equine cecal microbes, the isolated pure strains and the type strain of Denitrobacterium detoxificans, a competent NPA-metabolizing microbe, were examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE analysis indicated that none of the strains in the enriched population of equine cecal microbes were similar to D. detoxificans. However, we report for the first time the isolation of the anaerobic amino acid–using Sporanaerobacter acetigenes from the equine cecum.     

利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

2株可培养细菌氮代谢特性的研究

研究旨在分析土壤中可培养细菌菌株的氮代谢特征,并进一步探讨微生物在土壤氮素转化中的可能作用机制。以2株分离自苹果园土壤的细菌菌株SY5-4和SY11-10为试材,采用传统培养方法结合分子检测技术,分别测定菌株生长特性及其氮素转化能力。研究结果表明,异养条件下,菌株SY5-4和SY11-10的世代时间分别为243.5 min和202.7 min。菌株生长过程中,培养液中铵态氮浓度始终维持在较高水平,铵态氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮浓度均表现出先升后降的趋势。硝化（amoA和hao）和反硝化（nosZ、norB、nirK和nap）基因检测结果表明,菌株SY11-10具有多种氮素转化潜能。综上,供试菌株培养过程中,培养液中氮素发生变化,并在菌体中检测到不同氮转化基因,表明菌株参与多种氮代谢途径。     

四种柱花草种子萌发中参与氮代谢的酶活性变化

研究了4种柱花草种子萌发过程中参与氮代谢的蛋白酶、肽酶和硝酸还原酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,蛋白酶的活性随着柱花草种子萌发的深入而不断上升,在种子即将露白胚根突破种皮的时候蛋白酶活性达到最大值。此后,随着胚芽的生长蛋白酶活性逐渐降低,其中热研2号柱花草的蛋白酶活性高于其他3种;肽酶活性的变化总体呈上升趋势;硝酸还原酶呈S型变化。了解柱花草种子萌发期各种酶活性的变化规律,为深入研究柱花草种子萌发时贮藏物质的动员和代谢机理提供数据。     

苦瓜对白粉病的抗性与相关生理生化指标的关系

为探讨苦瓜抗白粉病的生理生化机制,以对白粉病不同抗性的4个苦瓜品系为材料,研究苗期感染白粉病菌后,苦瓜叶片生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:接种后,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质量分数均呈先上升后降低的趋势;可溶性糖质量分数呈下降-上升-下降-上升的趋势;抗病品系的可溶性糖、叶绿素质量分数和过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均高于或显著高于感病品系和高感品系;抗病品系的抗坏血酸(AsA)质量分数的上升和下降的幅度均小于感病品系和高感品系;接种后10~20d,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性表现为抗病品系感病品系高感品系。叶绿素、可溶性糖质量分数和POD、PPO活性与病情指数呈显著或极显著负相关。综上说明,白粉病菌侵染苦瓜后,抗病品系可通过保持较高的叶绿素质量分数,增加可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、AsA质量分数及增强POD、PPO、APX活性来提高抗病性。叶绿素、可溶性糖质量分数和POD、PPO活性均可作为苦瓜对白粉病抗性早期鉴定的指标。     

新疆甜菜丸粒化单粒种高密高产高糖栽培模式

在新疆适宜种植甜菜的生态区,通过选择甜菜丸粒化单粒种,在高密度种植条件下,依据不同栽培管理阶段特点采用合理的管理措施,以实现甜菜单产97.5～105.0t/hm2、含糖率15%以上的目标,从而构建甜菜丸粒化单粒种高密高产高糖栽培模式。     

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anaplastic Mammary Carcinoma in a Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps)

A 9-year-old female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) was evaluated for a tissue mass near the marsupium. Ultrasonography identified a vascular mass originating from the right mammary gland. Fine-needle aspiration was suggestive of a malignant neoplasm. The glider was anesthetized and the tumor was removed, and this was followed by strontium-90 plesiotherapy to the tumor bed in an attempt to decrease local recurrence. Histopathology revealed an anaplastic mammary carcinoma. The glider was euthanized less than 14 days after the procedure owing to self-mutilation behavior of unknown etiology. This report is the first to describe the clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapeutics, and treatment response for a sugar glider with mammary neoplasia.     

宁夏枸杞徒长枝青贮研究

枸杞(Lycium bararum)徒长枝是枸杞种植中的废弃物,但含有丰富的营养成分和药用成分,将其开发为青贮中药饲料添加剂是变废为宝的途径之一。本研究以糖蜜、麸皮、玉米(Zea mays)粉为糖源,以亚芯、君安酵宝、益加益、农富康为菌剂,通过比较不同糖源和菌剂青贮的枸杞徒长枝的感官评价得分、营养成分和药用成分等品质特性,探索适合枸杞徒长枝青贮的商品菌剂和糖源。结果表明:3种糖源青贮中酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和氨态氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05),而添加糖蜜的粗蛋白(1.18%)、粗灰分(12.77%)、干物质(30.5%)、乳酸(123.75μg·g^-1)、多糖(27.89 mg·g^-1)、甜菜碱(6.47 mg·g^-1)和黄酮(1.15 mg·g^-1)含量最高,显著高于其余两个处理(P<0.05);4种菌剂和自然青贮的干物质、氨态氮的含量之间无显著差异(P>0.05),亚芯菌剂与自然青贮的粗蛋白和酸性洗涤纤维的含量之间无显著差异(P>0.05);但粗蛋白(1.96%)、酸性洗涤纤维(75.52%)、中性洗涤纤维(73.86%)、水溶性碳水化合物(259.19 mg·g^-1)、乳酸(145.82μg·g^-1)、多糖(27.27 mg·g^-1)含量以自然青贮为最高,且显著高于其余处理(P<0.05)。糖蜜是枸杞徒长枝青贮最佳添加糖源,自然青贮枸杞徒长枝是最佳青贮方式。     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸法与酶法测定甜玉米还原糖和蔗糖含量的比较

针对目前测定甜玉米还原糖和蔗糖含量的3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和酶法进行比较研究,分析两者在育种中的应用。结果显示:酶法的测量准确度比3,5-二硝基水杨酸法高,且其稳定性和重现性都优于3,5-二硝基水杨酸法。通过两种方法对10个甜玉米杂交种种子的还原糖和蔗糖含量的测定,证实了两种方法在甜玉米还原糖和蔗糖含量的检测上是一致的。从育种实践考虑,酶法适于样品数较小的检测,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法更适合于大批量样品的检测。