EFFECTIVENESS,AMMONIUM IMPACT AND POTASSIUM ADEQUACY OF SOYBEAN-BASE LIQUID FERTILIZER ON BEDDING PLANTS

A greenhouse study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a soybean-base liquid fertilizer [Daniels Plant Food; 10 nitrogen (N):1.8 phosphorus (P): 2.5 potassium (K)] to two inorganic, greenhouse-type formulations containing 25 and 75% of nitrogen in the ammoniacal form on four bedding plant species (pansy, petunia, salvia, and vinca). Flowering was unaffected, foliage was deeper green, and substrate electrical conductivity was lower when fertilized with the soybean-base fertilizer. Plants were desirably more compact (lighter with less leaf area) when fertilized with the soybean-base and 75% ammoniacal fertilizer. While ammonium toxicity did not develop in any treatments at the standard lime rate, it occurred at low lime in all species with 75% ammoniacal and only lightly in pansy with soybean-base fertilizer, in spite of its 81% reduced nitrogen. Soybean fertilizer caused less acidification than 75% ammoniacal fertilizer. The potassium content of the soybean-base fertilizer was adequate to meet the requirements of the four species tested.     

THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT REGIME AND SUBSTRATE ON FLOWER PRODUCTIVITY AND LEAF MINERAL COMPOSITION IN TWO GERBERA CULTIVARS

This research evaluates the influence of light regime and substrate composition on the flower productivity and leaf macronutrient content of two gerbera cultivars (‘Ruby Red’ and ‘Vino’) grown in a greenhouse. A special emphasis was given to macro-element ratios in gerbera leaf. The results confirm positive influence of supplemental lighting on flower yield in both gerbera cultivars. Also, mixed substrate (coco fiber + rice husks) resulted with higher flower yield. Cultivar ‘Vino’ showed better productivity and significantly lower concentration of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) as compared to ‘Ruby Red’. The total flower productivity per plant correlated with some of the tested macronutrients in gerbera leaf (N, K, Mg) only in natural light conditions. Among all calculated leaf nutrient ratios, only P/Mg was significantly and positively correlated to flower yield, based on data from both light variants.     

基于农林有机废弃物处理的育苗基质应用效果Meta分析

本文收集了64篇文献,通过Meta分析,对育苗基质中添加农林有机废弃物对于幼苗生长的影响进行定量评估,为有机废弃物的资源化利用提供理论依据。结果表明,来源于林业的有机废弃物显著改善了基质的总孔隙度(+10%)、通气孔隙度(+20%),提高了基质的全氮(+103.29%)、碱解氮(+59.59%)以及速效钾(+114.5%)的含量,促进了幼苗的根系（根系活力+28.01%）和地上部的生长（生物量+35.50%）;经过生物处理的有机废弃物显著提高了基质的养分含量,增强了幼苗的根系活力(+43.5%),改善了叶绿素水平(+18.52%),提高了幼苗地上部生物量(+26.54%)。基质中添加林业废弃物或将其经过生物处理后使用可以显著促进幼苗的生长,实现废弃物的资源化利用。     

不同基质对金线莲栽培的影响

以野生金线莲[Anoectochilus roburghii (Wall.) Lindl]为试验材料,研究不同基质对野生金线莲栽培驯化的影响,通过分析金线莲叶长、叶宽、叶间距、株高及叶片数等指标,以期筛选出适宜的基本培养基质.结果表明,4种基质中以椰糠的栽培效果最好,其叶长、叶宽、叶间距、株高均显著优于其他3组,不同栽培基质之间,叶长、叶宽、叶间距和株高差异显著.研究结果可为金线莲迁地保护与栽培提供技术参考和理论依据.     

葡萄糖厌氧产甲烷影响因素研究及优化

糖类基质产甲烷是厌氧发酵技术的重要内容,如秸秆等许多复杂有机物都是首先水解为可溶性糖溶 液,进一步产酸产甲烷。以葡萄糖为碳源对糖类基质溶液产甲烷的主要影响因素,如有机浓度、碱度、接种量等进行 了研究。结果表明,葡萄糖浓度高于10 000 mg/L 初始浓度时,产气量明显下降,系统酸化难以获得稳定的产甲烷条 件;通过添加碳酸氢钠提高溶液碱度值对增进产甲烷十分有效,在8 000 mg COD/L 初始浓度下,初始碱度值为600 mg CaCO3/L 时可顺利进入产甲烷阶段,在1 500~3 300 mg CaCO3/L 的碱度范围,碱度值增加对提高甲烷产量无显著 影响。影响产甲烷的显著性因素依次为,接种量>初始碱度>初始C/N;初始C/N 与总产气量和甲烷产量的相关性均 较低。     

番茄育苗基质理化特性及其对幼苗生长影响研究

将腐熟的菇渣、发酵牛粪和珍珠岩混配形成不同体积比的5种复合基质,以传统的优势配方（草炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1）为对照,以番茄品种“西农2011”为试材,分析了不同配方复合基质的理化性质及其对番茄幼苗生长的影响;同时以复合基质的理化性质为自变量,以番茄幼苗的壮苗指数为因变量进行了多元回归分析和通径分析,最后对初步筛选的最优配方进行再优化试验。结果表明：优化配方菇渣∶牛粪∶珍珠岩=3∶3∶4处理的番茄幼苗质量显著优于对照以及初步筛选的最优配方菇渣∶牛粪∶珍珠岩=4∶2∶4;容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、持水力是影响壮苗指数的主要因子,其中通气孔隙对壮苗指数的直接通径系数达到2.2992,而其他因素对壮苗指数的作用是负向的。因此,适量增大复合基质的通气孔隙,降低容重、总孔隙度以及持水力有利于番茄壮苗培育,在本研究中可以通过减少菇渣用量和增加牛粪用量来实现这一目的。     

蘑菇培养土生物炭堆肥化利用及其对水稻生长的影响

为尝试将蘑菇培养土制成生物炭来改善生物肥料的品质,重点考察了添加蘑菇培养土生物炭对猪粪堆肥的物化特性影响。结果表明:在500℃下热解制备的蘑菇培养土生物炭分别以0%、5%、10%、15%(W/W)的比例与猪粪混合堆肥后,显著降低了堆肥的电导率、初始含水率和有机物的损失量;堆肥中Ca与K的含量与添加生物炭没有太大的相关性,N的含量与生物炭添加比例具有很好的正相关性,P与Mg的改变量则随着生物炭添加比例的增加呈现下降趋势。水稻栽培实验结果表明施用生物炭能有效促进水稻生长,稻穗(干重)最多可增产49%。     

不同品种平菇对4种重金属的吸收富集与安全限量值研究

平菇是我国栽培范围最广、产量最高的食用菌种类,为了研究不同品种平菇对4种重金属的富集规律及栽培料中重金属的安全限量值,对3个品种平菇在两种栽培料中分别添加不同浓度Pb、Hg、As、Cd 4种重金属进行栽培试验,分别测定平菇子实体和栽培料中重金属含量,并将测定结果采用SPSS软件进行相关性分析。结果显示3个平菇品种对4种重金属的吸收富集能力排序为CdAs、HgPb,进行综合分析后筛选出P-8为3个品种中重金属低富集品种。不同栽培料栽培同一平菇品种,同一栽培料栽培不同平菇品种,所得料中重金属安全限量值均不相同,共获得吸收富集回归方程17个,R2值均在0.9以上。依据《食用菌卫生标准》(GB7096—2003)规定的Pb、Hg、As和《绿色食品食用菌》(NY 749—2012)规定的Cd限量值,计算得出3种平菇以棉籽壳或玉米芯为主料栽培时相应重金属的安全限量值数据16个:Pb 4个分别是99.56、74.37、58.56、83.64 mg·kg-1DW;Cd 6个分别是0.21、0.13、0.21、0.08、0.07、0.27 mg·kg-1DW;Hg 3个分别是0.08、0.07、0.29 mg·kg-1DW;As 3个分别是1.31、2.72、1.85 mg·kg-1DW。     

利用生产食用菌后的棉籽壳料渣作棉花育苗基质研究(英文)

为了探讨棉花基质育苗的本土化应用技术问题,通过以生产食用菌后的棉籽壳料渣与河沙、草炭不同配比的配方,在田间和室内进行育苗试验。结果表明:按棉籽壳料渣、河沙和草炭的体积比为6∶3∶1的配方3,其三叶期单株干物质质量和单株叶面积分别比江西高安生产商品基质增加48.4%和73.5%;其育苗成苗率、移栽成活率和实收籽棉产量与对照基质育苗移栽无明显差异;育苗后的基质可还田作肥料,减少了环境污染,实现了棉副产品的综合和循环利用。生产食用菌后的棉籽壳料渣是一种取材方便、节本省工和环保的棉花育苗基质材料,在棉区有较好的推广应用前景。     

Intensification of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus culture: I. Hatchery and nursery system

Intensification of an indoor hatchery and nursery system for the Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens) (Decapoda: Parastacidae) was obtained by increasing the surface area available for the crayfish juveniles and by synchronizing the age of the hatchlings held in each tank. The former improvement was facilitated by distributing an artificial seaweed-like material throughout almost the entire volume of small (275 l) hatching tanks. As the number of egg-bearing females was increased from 3 to 8 per hatching tank, the number of juveniles per liter also increased to as many as 6.5 juveniles/l, without reaching an apparent upper limit. The hatchlings were kept in the tanks for 75 days from the day females were found to be gravid and then harvested and graded according to size. The average juvenile weight at harvest was 0.34±0.04 g. The weight distribution of the juvenile males was not significantly different from that of the juvenile females on the day of harvest, and in both the distribution was positively skewed.