Genome-wide Association Study of Teats Number Traits in Kele Pigs

Teats number is one of the most important reproductive traits,and closely related to the economic benefit in pig industry.In order to reveal the underlying genetics of left teats number,right teats number and total teats number traits,a genome-wide association study（GWAS）was performed.Samples of DNA were collected to genotyping for 22 Kele pigs using the Illumina Porcine SNP 60K Chip.The GWAS was performed using a mixed-effects model and linear regression approach.When a genome-wide threshold was determined using the Bonferroni method（P<2.06E-5),4 single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）markers were potentially associated with left teats number,right teats number and total teat number.However,3 SNPs were significant associated and 18 SNPs were potentially associated in chromosomes level.304 Ensembl genes were retrieved around 1 cM of the associated SNPs.The candidate genes in Wnt and Fgf signaling pathway（BTRC,FGF5,FGF8,BMP3,RASGEF1B and HMGB3）might have effect on target traits.These results provided valuable information about the selective breeding for Kele pigs.     

新型肥料与沼液替代在农业生产中的应用

随着现代农业的发展和农业生产技术的进步，通过探索新型肥料研发与推广、种养循环有机替代、农业生产水肥耦合运筹等新技术新模式，在保障作物稳产增产前提下,实现了减少农业生产投入、降低生产成本、提高生态效益的目标。本文介绍了新型肥料的研发推广和沼液替代化肥研究进展，归纳了新型肥料与沼液替代化肥技术效果，为优化施肥技术的应用提供参考。     

采用混合生物地理学算法的番茄种植规划研究

为解决番茄酱产季原料供应不均衡问题,在构建番茄种植规划的数学模型基础上,提出采用生物地理学算法对番茄种植规划模型的求解。利用余弦迁移模型、干扰迁移算子和基于高斯分布的变异算子对BBO算法进行适当改进,并与差分进化算法的变异算子结合,以增强生物地理学算法的全局搜索性能。以新疆某番茄酱厂为例对番茄种植规划问题进行计算,结果表明:采用该算法获得的种植方案能实现番茄原料产量与番茄酱厂生产能力之间的平衡。仿真结果验证了番茄种植规划数学模型的合理性。在求解番茄种植规划问题上,与其他智能优化算法相比,该算法具有较好的收敛性。     

论西方音乐本质观的三种模式及其演变规律

在西方音乐美学史上，出现了三种音乐本质观的模式：即以柏拉图和亚里斯多德为代表的古典时期的模仿论，以黑格尔和李斯特为代表的浪漫时期的表现论和以汉斯立克等为代表的现代时期的形式论。每一种模式的出现都扎根于时代的思潮和哲学思想的转变，三种模式的演变，代表了人类对音乐本质特征的深刻认识，表征着人类对音乐的本质认识的深度和广度。对此研究对我们今天中国的音乐教育和音乐理论建设有一定的启示作用。     

施肥方式对不同密度下玉米光合生理的影响

为进一步研究玉米品种登海605不同密度和施肥方式对光合生理的影响，挖掘其增产潜力，建立高产栽培模式。本试验设计5个密度处理（D1、D2、D3、D4、D5）、3种施肥方式处理（S1：农大缓释肥、S2：分次施肥、S3：一次性施肥），并对不同处理的光合指标、叶面积指数、光合有效辐射、透光率等指标进行测定，结果表明：不同的施肥方式上层、中层、下层光合指标变化规律表现一致，各层次表现为上层>中层>下层，S2>S1>S3，玉米植株上层无论哪种处理都能获得足够的光能和CO2，光合指标相差不大，适宜的密度和施肥方式将获得更多的光能、有效辐射，合成有机物，形成更多的干物质积累，从而提高产量。     

环境管制政策的实施效果评价——以九龙江流域"限猪令"为例

环境管制一直是我国环境污染治理所采取的主要政策之一,对我国的环境保护起到了一定的积极作用,同时也存在一些弊端,致使其成效不甚显著甚至背离初始目标.在此情况下,如何评价环境管制政策绩效具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文以九龙江流域"限猪令"政策为例,选取政策目标实现度、主要环保指标实现、环保投入效益、公众参与及满意度四个方面...     

机械化深施肥技术及推广

机械化深施肥技术是作物施肥作业的技术创新,可提高作业效率、肥料利用率和作物产量.但机械化深施肥技术要达到普及推广,还须采取多种措施:加大推广示范和政策扶持力度,加强深施肥技术的农机与农艺配套研究,研究制定机械施肥作业技术标准;农机制造企业要提高产品性能和质量,提高设备使用的可靠性;同时,化肥生产企业也应参与研究,共同开发与深施技术配套的肥料.     

国家重点实验室专项经费绩效预算管理方式应用于其他财政专项管理的思考

绩效预算是我国部门预算管理改革的重要内容。国家重点实验室专项经费绩效预算安排机制，是财政科研经费绩效预算的典型示例。文章通过剖析国家重点实验室专项经费绩效考评管理机制，对国家重点实验室绩效预算机制推广应用于其他财政专项的范围、考评指标、考评工作方法、考评结果应用等方面提出了意见建议。     

Design and Experiment of Slave Computer Control System for Applying Variable-rate Liquid Fertilizer

In order to increase the applying rate of liquid fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution, a slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer was designed. The system used SMC as core processor and electrically controlled pressure regulator as execution component. The characteristic equation of the system was obtained by using classical control theory. Results indicated that the characteristic equation met the requirements of routh-criterion, which indicated the working process of the system was stable. Performance of the slave computer was verified via bench tests. Results demonstrated that there was no significant influence on the response from interclass error. The fertilization error was less than 0.9, and the fertilization accuracy was larger than 97%. The liquid fertilizer emitted by the fertilizing devices had no significant difference in uniformity, which met the demands of the slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer.     

Response of the soil fungal community to multi-factor environmental changes in a temperate forest

Both environmental and climatic changes are known to influence soil microbial biomes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, there are limited data defining the interactive effects of multi-factor environmental disturbances, including N-deposition, precipitation, and air temperature, on soil fungal communities in temperate forests. A 3-year outdoor pot experiment was conducted to examine the temporal shifts of soil fungal communities in a temperate forest following N-addition, precipitation and air temperature changes. The shifts in the structure and composition of soil fungal communities were characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. N-addition regimen induced significant alterations in the composition of soil fungal communities, and this effect was different at both higher and lower altitudes. The response of the soil fungal community to N-addition was much stronger in precipitation-reduced soils compared to soils experiencing enhanced precipitation. The combined treatment of N-addition and reduced precipitation caused more pronounced changes in the lower altitude versus those in the higher one. Certain fungal species in the subphylum Pezizomycotina and Saccharomycotina distinctively responded to N fertilization and soil water control at both altitudes. Redundancy discrimination analysis showed that changes in environmental factors and soil physicochemical properties explained 43.7% of the total variability in the soil fungal community at this forest ecosystem. Variations in the soil fungal community were significantly related to the altitude, soil temperature, total soil N content (TN) and pH value (P < 0.05). We present evidence for the interactive effects of N-addition, water manipulation and air temperature to reshape soil fungal communities in the temperate forest. Our data could provide new insights into predicting the response of soil micro-ecosystem to climatic changes.