台阶式溢洪道滑行水流的相对水头

为了研究台阶式溢洪道的消能特性,将台阶溢洪道与光滑溢洪道沿程的总水头进行对比,引入台阶式溢洪道相对水头的概念.通过3个工程的台阶式溢洪道模型试验,坡度为1 ∶2.0~1 ∶0.9,台阶高度为0.5~2.0 m,对影响相对水头的主要因素:流程长度、单宽流量、台阶高度、坡度等进行了研究.结果表明,在滑行水流条件下,台阶式溢洪道沿程相对水头小于0;相对水头与流程长度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998 3~0.999 8;相对水头与单宽流量无关,不同流量条件同一断面的相对水头基本相等,相对误差不超过4.5%,而台阶高度、溢洪道坡度对相对水头影响较大,台阶高度越高、坡度越大,相对水头绝对值越大.试验资料证实了相对水头具有良好的水力规律,便于应用分析,可为台阶溢洪道设计提供参考.     

雷电引起接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率计算方法探析

为了提高人员生命损失风险计算的针对性、准确性,为人工接地装置安全布设提出建设性的指导意见,通过对人工接地装置泄流时接触电压、跨步电压的计算方法的分析,确定了人工接地体泄流时接触电压、跨步电压导致人身伤亡的损害概率的定量计算方法。计算时,通过对接触电压、跨步电压计算值与人体耐受接触电压、跨步电压阈值的比较分析,确定能达到该阈值的最小雷电流幅值,再通过对项目所在位置雷电活动特征的分析,确定可能超过灾害阈值对应的雷电流幅值,即可能产生风险的雷电流所占的频率,认为该频率即为接触电压、跨步电压导致生物伤害的损害概率。对人工接地装置接触电压、跨步电压的计算以垂直接地极为例,同时考虑了冲击电流较工频电流对计算方法的影响。     

Simulation of the constant modulus blind equilibrium algorithm with variable step size based on the mean square error

The mathematic models and basic theory of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) for blind channel equalization are introduced. An improved algorithm with variable step size is proposed based on CMA. The improved algorithm uses the mean square error (MSE) to obtain the new variable step size to solve the contradiction between the convergence rate and accuracy in traditional CMA with fixed step. To smooth the MSE learning curve for easy comparison, an ensemble average technique is used to analyze the performance of convergence with different step sizes. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that the improved algorithm is superior to the traditional constant modulus(CM) in terms of convergence speed and residual error.     

PXSB型双向步进式全射流喷头的原理及结构设计

针对目前国内摇臂式喷头存在结构复杂、使用寿命较短和成本较高等不足,提出一种新型的大中型旋转式PXSB型双向步进式全射流喷头.研究了PXSB型双向步进式全射流喷头的基本工作原理,对喷头整个工作过程作了具体分析,提出喷头正常工作的条件为喷头的射流元件体出口处盖板两侧均要设有间隙,正向导管和反向导管需在适当的位置开有补气小孔.结果表明：喷头的双向步进是通过射流元件体和双向步进换向机构的切换配合来实现,即通过控制信号水的流向来实现喷头的正向步进和反向步进,使喷头具有优越的水量分布和喷洒均匀性等水力性能.喷头的双向步进结构提高了喷头工作的稳定性和可靠性.滚动轴承装置和密封结构,优化了喷头的密封性能.     

新型仿人迈步式楼梯智能清洁车的设计

针对传统清洁车单一平面的工作模式,设计了一种新型仿人迈步式楼梯智能清洁车,其整体运动方式采用仿人迈步式,通过车轮无半径转向模块使车身在狭小的楼梯之间实现无半径转弯,机身升降模块来完成前身升降和后身辅助支撑轮的升降,重心调节模块和辅助支撑轮模块以实现整体机身的稳步前进,清洁系统模块来实现楼梯面的清扫、除尘和烘干等功能。提出一种基于自适应鲁棒控制器的混沌控制方法实现永磁同步电机系统高精度的位置追踪,仿真结果表明,自适应鲁棒非线性反馈控制器对外部负载转矩扰动具有更好的鲁棒性。     

掺气坎组合首级台阶对阶梯溢流坝面的影响

为了避免阶梯溢洪道中前几级阶梯表面发生空蚀破坏,在对阶梯溢洪道的设计中加入掺气坎,形成前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道.通过对Y型宽尾墩+阶梯溢流坝+消力池的联合消能工过渡阶梯首级台阶台面取4个角度、前置掺气坎取2个角度共8种组合工况分别进行水工模型试验,改变水库流量,从空腔长度、水面线、负压、底板时均压力、消能率等方面,寻找改善水力特性的过渡台阶衔接体型.结果表明:掺气空腔随着首级阶梯台面角和掺气坎增大,与阶梯坝面分离空间更大,水流挑射更高,空腔更长且工况2的空腔长度均大于工况1的空腔长度;随着掺气坎和首级阶梯台面角增大,溢流坝阶梯面最大负压绝对值减小;消力池底板压力和水面线变化不大,消能率增大.在8个方案中,前置掺气坎角度为10°、首级阶梯台面角度0°时的方案5最优.     

Application of single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction with a multiple‐lactation random regression test‐day model for Japanese Holsteins

This study aimed to evaluate a validation reliability of single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) with a multiple‐lactation random regression test‐day model and investigate an effect of adding genotyped cows on the reliability. Two data sets for test‐day records from the first three lactations were used: full data from February 1975 to December 2015 (60 850 534 records from 2 853 810 cows) and reduced data cut off in 2011 (53 091 066 records from 2 502 307 cows). We used marker genotypes of 4480 bulls and 608 cows. Genomic enhanced breeding values (GEBV) of 305‐day milk yield in all the lactations were estimated for at least 535 young bulls using two marker data sets: bull genotypes only and both bulls and cows genotypes. The realized reliability (R²) from linear regression analysis was used as an indicator of validation reliability. Using only genotyped bulls, R² was ranged from 0.41 to 0.46 and it was always higher than parent averages. The very similar R² were observed when genotyped cows were added. An application of ssGBLUP to a multiple‐lactation random regression model is feasible and adding a limited number of genotyped cows has no significant effect on reliability of GEBV for genotyped bulls.     

催产素在广西本地水牛下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的免疫组化定位

[目的]研究催产素(OT)在广西本当水牛下丘脑、垂体及卵巢的分布上的联系,进而了解OT在下丘脑、垂体及卵巢3者之间分泌释放途径.[方法]采用免疫组织化学SuperPicTureTM二步法检测5头广西本地水牛的下丘脑、垂体和卵巢中催产素(OT)的分布情况.[结果]下丘脑中分泌OT的神经元主要分布在弓状核、视上核及室旁核,在腹内侧核、腹外侧核、交叉上核、背内侧核、乳头体、下丘脑前核等核团也有一定数量的阳性神经元;在腺垂体发现OT免疫反应阳性产物,自垂体柄和正中隆起的一侧可见到平行排列的OT阳性神经纤维断续地延伸至神经部;卵巢中只在生殖上皮、卵泡颗粒细胞和黄体细胞发现有大量OT免疫阳性产物.[结论]首次发现OT存在于广西本地水牛下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的各个环节,并且下丘脑中各主要核团均有OT免疫阳性神经元的分布,尤其以弓状核、视上核、室旁核分布最多,为进一步研究OT的合成和作用机制提供形态学依据,并对广西本地水牛的繁殖育种及泌乳起到一定的参考指导作用. Abstract： To study the association of oxytocin (OT)'s distribution in hypothalamatic,pituitary and ovary,and understand how the OT secrete releasing in hypothalamus,pituitary and ovaries,the paraffin section immunohistochemistry SuparPicTureTM two step method was used to detect the distribution of OT in hypothalamatic-pituitary-ovary axis of five femal Guangxi local buffalo.The test results could provide morphology according to study the OT's synthesis and mechanism of action ,and could play reference and directions part in breeding Guangxi local buffalo.The test results display:oxytocin immuno reactive (OT-IR) neuronsw eremainly distributed arcuate nucleus,supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus,and OT-IR neurons was also found in ventrornedial nucleus,ventrolateralis nucleus,suprachiasrnaticus nucleus,dorsomediai nucleus,mamillary body,anterior hypothalamic nucleus and so on.The OT immunoactive production was found in pituitary and few OT-IR nerve fibers extended to post pituitary from hypophyseal stalk and medium eminence.In ovaries,OT immunoactive productions were only distributed in germinal epithelium cells,granulosa cells and lutein ceils.The OT was first discovered in singulorum link of hypothalamatic-pituitary-ovary axis of Guangxi local buffalo.The OT immunoactive neurons were first discovered in every main nucleus of Guangxi local buffalo hypothalamus,especially distributed in arcuate nucleus,supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus.