煤矸石渣土改良及其效果研究

自燃煤矸石山渣土具有高盐强酸性,严重制约了植物的生长,因此在对自燃煤矸石山进行植被恢复时,首先要对煤矸石山渣土进行改良。以研究区内黄土作为改良剂,研究了其对自燃煤矸石渣土的改良方法和效果。选取高羊茅、刺槐、紫穗槐、侧柏、山皂角在改良后的渣土中进行种植实验,测试改良效果,筛选适宜在煤矸石山上种植的植物,并确定黄土作为改良剂的施用比例。改良实验结果表明,黄土作为改良剂对自燃煤矸石渣土的强酸性改良效果良好,在pH值为2.8的强酸性渣土中,加入25%的黄土,pH值可提高到6.8。对自燃煤矸石渣土的高盐性改良效果较差,在盐分为3.8%的煤矸石渣土中,加入62.5%的黄土,盐分可降低至0.97%。种植实验也表明,高羊茅、紫穗槐、山皂角对改良后煤矸石渣土的适应性较强,刺槐、侧柏的适应性则较弱。     

A Case Report of a Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma in a T-cell Receptor β Chain and p53 Double-knockout Mouse

A subcutaneous tumor was found in the right abdomen of a 16-week-old male TCRβ and p53 double-knockout mouse. The tumor had indistinct borders with the surrounding tissue. The cut surface after formalin fixation was pale yellowish white, partially dark red and partly white. Histologically, the tumor was composed of three distinct regions. The first region showed pleomorphic cells arranged in sheets. The second region showed spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles. The final region contained a mixture of the above mentioned two types of cells. Furthermore, a small amount of collagen fibers, round cells, multinucleated giant cells, and cells with eosinophilic granules were observed between these tumor cells. Immunohistochemical examination and electron microscopy identified that the pleomorphic cells and spindle cells were histiocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, and that the round cells were undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma.     

Uterine Carcinosarcoma in a 2-year-old Female Wistar Hannover GALAS Rat

Carcinosarcomas are rare tumors in humans as well as rats and most commonly occur in the uterus. Recently, we observed a case of incidental carcinosarcoma of the uterus in a female Wistar Hannover GALAS [BrlHan:WIST@ Jcl (GALAS)] rat at 2 years of age. Histopathologically, the tumor was characterized by an admixture of malignant epithelial and nonepithelial elements. The carcinomatous components represented a type of endometrial carcinoma, consisting of glandular and solid proliferation of large-sized tumor cells. Prominent mitoses and tumor cell invasion were observed. The sarcomatous components were characterized by multifocal proliferation of severe atypical cells with cartilage matrix and were diagnosed as chondrosarcoma. Transitions between carcinomatous and sarcomatous components were observed, and many tumor cells in the solid lesion showed immunohistochemical reactivity with both cytokeratin and vimentin. Based on these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as a uterine carcinosarcoma. This is the first report of uterine carcinosarcoma in Wistar Hannover GALAS [BrlHan:WIST@Jcl (GALAS)] rats.     

伊氏锥虫半－大规模体外培养初报

按改良Ｂａｌｔｚ无细胞培养系统的培养方法，将盛有３００ｍＬ伊氏锥虫培养物、容量１７００ｍＬ（１１．０ｃｍ×２８．５ｃｍ）的培养瓶置于１０ｒ／ｍｉｎ的细胞培养旋转装置上，在３７℃培养箱中培养。在接种虫数为１．５×１０５～１０．０×１０５／ｍＬ时，其群体增倍时间为１２ｈ。接种虫数为１０×１０５／ｍＬ的培养物培养２４ｈ，每瓶收获约１．２×１０９锥虫，可满足一般实验的需要。     

HYPERTHERMIA AND RADIATION THERAPY IN CANCER TREATMENT*

Hyperthermia is a field of cancer research of increasing importance to veterinarians and physicians. The thermobiologic studies that are guiding the development of clinical research are reviewed. The interaction of heat, radiation, and drugs on tumors and normal tissues is presented, and the basis for producing a therapeutic gain is discussed. Current methods of inducing local, regional, and systemic hyperthermia in animals and humans are summarized. The areas of clinical research in which veterinary radiologists and oncologists could contribute by studying the effects of heat and radiotherapy on domestic animals with spontaneous tumors are emphasized.     

SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION OF PULMONARY METASTASES IN A DOG*

Spontaneous regression of presumed lung metastases was diagnosed in an Irish Wolfhound which had a previous pelvic limb amputation for tibial fibrosarcoma. Literature on spontaneous regression in man is reviewed and implications of spontaneous tumor regression for animal patients are discussed.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM SECONDARY TO PRIMARY PULMONARY PATHOLOGY IN A DALMATIAN DOG

A 1.5‐year‐old, 23 kg intact male Dalmatian dog was evaluated for acute respiratory insufficiency without a previous history of trauma or toxic exposition. Imaging revealed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and pneumoretroperitoneum. Histopathological evaluation of the lungs revealed perivascular and peribronchial emphysema, mild lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia with atypical proliferation of type II pneumocytes in bronchioles and alveoli. A lung disease resembling fibrosing interstitial pneumonia in man and cats has been previously reported in Dalmatians and should be included as a differential diagnosis for Dalmatians with this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.     

秋水仙素及辅助处理对小麦×玉米单倍体加倍的影响

为了寻找方便、安全、高效的小麦单倍体苗加倍处理方法,选用秋水仙素3个浓度(0.1%、0.2%、0.3%)、3个处理时间(3h、4h、5h)对单倍体苗进行浸根加倍处理;同时,比较了加光与不加光、全程通气与不通气、分蘖节打孔与不打孔等技术措施下单倍体苗的移栽成活率、加倍结实率。结果表明,室温下以0.2%的秋水仙素浸根处理3~4h,期间持续通入空气并进行遮光处理的效果最佳,可获得90.0%的加倍率。避光和持续通气处理有利于提高成活率和加倍率,其在高浓度加倍处理和长时间加倍处理时显得尤其重要。分蘖节打孔伤害了植株,降低了加倍后植株的成活率,但能提高低浓度短时间处理时植株的加倍率,对低浓度长时间处理和高浓度处理则不适用。     

阳泉矿区自燃煤矸石山绿化中覆盖层碾压效果试验

自燃煤矸石山是矿区环境主要的污染源之一,对其实施封闭并绿化,需要构建具备一定阻隔空气能力的覆盖层,而覆盖层多为土质材料经碾压构成,空气阻隔性受其碾压质量的影响。结合阳泉三矿煤矸石山治理现场进行野外碾压试验,研究了煤矸石山现场碾压工具及碾压条件下的压实效果。通过对不同铺土厚度的黄土进行碾压,测定紧实度和干密度来表征碾压效果,分析以压实度(85%)作为压实质量控制标准的条件下合理的碾压工程参数。结果表明,利用现场自制碾磙(4t)进行平碾碾压,浅部土层受到碾压遍数的影响较大,深部土层受到碾压遍数的影响较小,其特征深度在15—25cm;建议的施工方案及碾压参数为:含水量接近最优含水率(相差不超过±2%),松铺厚度20~40cm,碾压3~5遍。     

秋水仙碱诱导杜仲花粉染色体加倍的研究

在掌握小孢子母细胞减数分裂规律的基础上 ,就非离体状态下施加秋水仙碱溶液处理雄花芽诱导杜仲花粉染色体加倍进行了研究 .结果表明 :杜仲小孢子母细胞减数分裂粗线期为花粉染色体加倍的最佳处理时期 ,而秋水仙碱的有效处理浓度为 0 1%～ 0 2 % ,有效处理时间为 2 4～ 36h .在减数分裂粗线期采用 0 2 %的秋水仙碱溶液持续处理 2 4h ,或采用 0 1%的秋水仙碱溶液处理 36h ,获得的平均 2n花粉比率最高 ,分别为 2 7 6 %和 2 3 2 % ,其中最高处理可达 4 9 5 % .与白杨等树种离体水培状态下施加理化处理诱导 2n花粉相比 ,由于杜仲同一花芽内小孢子母细胞减数分裂具有不同步性 ,以及不同花芽在树上分布位置和相应小环境的差异 ,导致获得的 2n花粉比率相对较低 ,且不同重复的 2n花粉比率差别也很大 .此外 ,秋水仙碱处理后导致散粉延迟 ,相对于同一环境条件下的正常花芽散粉晚大约 2～ 3d ,但可以利用生长于不同小环境条件下杜仲花芽发育进程的时间差 ,如对定植于建筑物向阳处的雄株进行秋水仙碱溶液处理诱导 2n花粉 ,而给位于背阴处的雌株授粉等 ,实现人工诱导 2n花粉的育种