云南籼稻小苗机插技术研究

为了降低机插稻育秧、运秧劳动强度,在云南籼稻地区探索籼稻小苗机插技术。以吉优716为材料,设置160 g/盘（T1 ）和180 g/盘（T2）2个播种量处理,秧龄9 d,每667 m²大田用秧6盘。以常规播种量70 g/盘,15 d秧龄,每667 m²用秧15盘为对照,比较分析了不同处理间秧苗素质、栽插质量、茎蘖动态和产量的差异。结果表明,虽然密播小苗处理秧苗素质不如对照,并且缺丛率较高,但每丛基本苗数、各时期的茎蘖数和有效穗数均显著高于对照,最终产量均高于对照。较高的有效穗数是机插密播小苗技术增产的主要原因。其中,T1处理用种量比对照减少了8.57%,秧盘数比对照减少60%,但产量比对照增加了9.0%,节本增效的效果明显,具有较大的推广潜力。     

大凌河流域生态综合治理项目效益分析

葫芦岛市建昌县2014年国家农业综合开发大凌河流域生态综合治理项目分布在建昌县新开岭乡新开岭村、贺杖子乡碾房村、素珠营子乡梁杖子村.通过该项目治理后,生态环境得到明显改善,经济效益十分显著,社会效益巨大,促进了区域经济社会发展.同时工程建设也起到了科技示范作用,为推动生态环境建设奠定了坚实基础保障.     

小城镇体育文化研究

采用历史研究法、文献资料法和个案研究法对我国小城镇体育文化的发展历程进行了分析和总结。我国小城镇体育文化经过几十年的发展，形成了自己的发展特色, 具有了鲜明的地域特色和民族特色； 从自发性走向群体性、有组织性；小城镇体育文化的需求不断增加，品味不断提高。但是存在资金匮乏、缺少专业的社会体育辅导员和居民体育锻炼意识低下的问题。建议：用市场手段缓解资金问题、实现社会体育辅导员本土化、提高小城镇居民参与体育锻炼的热情。最后对我国小城镇体育文化的发展趋势进行了预测，以期对当前问题的解决有所启示。     

Benefits and risks for Melanesian households from commercialising Canarium indicum

This research note discusses the benefits and risks for Melanesian households arising from attempts to increasingly commercialise Canarium indicum, an edible tree nut indigenous to Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Qualitative data were generated during workshops and interviews with Canarium industry stakeholders about the impacts associated with a series of interventions designed to encourage further commercialisation of Canarium. The findings are organised according to three dimensions that elucidate the social implications of industry development for local communities: (i) income and growth; (ii) equity; and (iii) voice and choice. Broader distribution of benefits within and between countries, as well as among supply chain actors, requires a stronger policy response at regional (Melanesia) and national scales, equitable gender representation to avoid reinforcing existing inequalities, and delegation of decision‐making power to the appropriate level to facilitate effective community participation and their links with other stakeholders. Thus, it remains to be seen whether Canarium‐related benefits arising from its commercialisation can be sufficiently reliable compared with either other sources of income (e.g. existing employment opportunities for those located near urban areas) or utilising the resource for subsistence purposes.     

河南省城镇贫困人口就业路径探讨

从大力发展城市经济;以农业特色产业为龙头,稳步发展农业经济;挖掘工业吸纳劳动力的潜力,增加就业岗位;发展第三产业四个方面探讨河南省城镇贫困人口就业路径,以期缓解河南省城镇贫困人口就业压力。     

Pathological analysis of batch safety testing of veterinary vaccines using small laboratory animals

Batch safety tests (BSTs) of veterinary vaccines are conducted using small laboratory animals to assure the safety of vaccines according to several criteria, including clinical signs and change in body weight. Although the latter is used as an evaluation index in BSTs, there have been no reports on the internal changes that affect body weight during the test period. Therefore, we analyzed BST via pathological examination of the tested animals. Here, BSTs were performed for 176 batches using mice and 126 batches using of guinea pigs. Most of the gross findings could be classified into four lesion types (nodules, adhesions, ascites, no apparent signs), with only one vaccine inducing lesions that could not be classified into any of these four types. Histopathological examination revealed that the reactions caused by BST were pyogenic and/or granulomatous inflammation. Nodular or adhesive lesions comprised more severe pyogenic granulomatous inflammation than ascites or cases with no apparent gross lesions. These nodular or adhesive lesions were more frequently induced by vaccines that contained an adjuvant than by vaccines that did not contain an adjuvant. The cases with “exceptional” gross findings histologically presented severe necrosis of the hematopoietic system. Additional testing showed that these “exceptional” lesions were induced when a specific type of light liquid paraffin was injected along with other vaccine additives. Our results show that body weight loss and/or lesions during BST were induced by proinflammatory properties of the tested vaccines and that BST is a sensitive method for detecting unexpected effects of vaccine components.     

金融管理对中小饲料企业融资难的影响及解决

我国饲料行业已从发展的快速增长期步入成熟期。当前,饲料企业数量众多,分布广泛,但不少饲料企业规模较小,市场竞争力弱,急需进行转型升级。由于中小饲料企业信用评级低,经营风险大,且资产抵押物少,导致企业融资渠道较为狭窄,融资成本高。融资难的问题已经成为了制约饲料企业发展、扩大企业规模、提升企业技术水平的瓶颈。金融管理作为提升企业管理水平、优化金融管理的重要手段,对帮助或解决中小饲料企业融资难有一定的效果。因此,本文以中小饲料企业融资难问题为切入点,通过分析金融管理对融资难的影响,归纳总结出当前中小饲料企业金融管理的问题和解决对策,为饲料行业转型升级提供理论参考。     

CD8+T细胞在不同年龄家兔胃肠道的分布规律

探讨不同年龄组家兔胃肠道各段CD8⁺T细胞的分布特征,为进一步研究CD8⁺T细胞的作用奠定形态学基础。采用免疫组织化学技术对不同年龄组(幼年组、青年组、老年组)家兔胃肠道内CD8⁺T细胞进行染色、观察及统计分析。结果显示,家兔的CD8⁺T细胞多呈圆形、椭圆形或呈不规则形。在不同年龄组家兔,胃肠不同部位的分布有如下特点:家兔的CD8⁺T细胞主要分布于胃肠道的固有层中;青年组CD8⁺T细胞的分布数量显著高于幼年组和老年组;各肠段之间CD8⁺T细胞分布的数量差异不显著,但其分布的总量按照小肠、大肠、胃的顺序依次降低。研究结果显示,CD8⁺T细胞在家兔小肠的分布最多,并且其数量随着年龄的增长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,青年家兔胃肠的分布最为丰富。     

小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响及其在低温胁迫下的抗氧化应激效应

本试验分为生长试验和低温胁迫试验2部分。先分别投喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)仔鱼经不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 mL/m 3)小肽营养强化后的轮虫和卤虫12 d,以探讨小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响;再将大黄鱼仔鱼暴露在温度为12℃的水体中24 h,以探讨小肽对低温胁迫下大黄鱼仔鱼抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果显示:不同浓度小肽均显著增加了轮虫和卤虫的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P<0.05),显著提高了大黄鱼仔鱼的体长及小肠绒毛高度、数量和组织面积(P<0.05)。小肽显著提高低温胁迫下大黄鱼仔鱼的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及肝脏抗氧化酶[铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1a(GPx-1 a)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1b(GPx-1 b)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)]基因和非特异性免疫酶[c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)]基因表达水平,显著降低活性氧(ROS)含量(P<0.05)。核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)基因表达水平均与抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),并均与ROS含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,小肽能够提高轮虫和卤虫的营养价值,从而改善大黄鱼仔鱼的生长和小肠发育;小肽通过诱导Nrf2和NF-κB的表达来增加抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因表达水平,从而缓解低温胁迫诱导的氧化损伤。     

发酵豆粕在犊牛饲料中的应用进展

豆粕是一种优质的植物性蛋白来源,含有丰富的氨基酸,但也含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及大豆凝集素等抗营养因子,容易引起犊牛消化功能紊乱,造成营养性腹泻,限制了其在犊牛上的使用量。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,使抗营养因子得到充分的降解,生成的小肽和有机酸有利于犊牛消化吸收和肠道健康,进而提高犊牛断奶日增重和免疫能力,降低犊牛的腹泻率和断奶应激。本文综述了豆粕经过发酵后带来营养价值的变化,并就发酵豆粕在犊牛上的应用进行概述,为其今后在犊牛中的应用提供参考。