猪胎盘效率与繁殖性能的关系

本文综述了猪高繁殖力的生理机制研究进展 ,对近年来关于猪胎盘效率与产仔数关系以及胎盘效率与生产性状间的关系研究进行了详细描述 ,从胎盘效率这一综合指标探讨猪高繁殖力的生理基础 ,目前的研究结果表明 ,基于胎盘效率的选择是提高猪的窝产仔数行之有效的方法     

Predator–prey size relationship in siphon cropping between the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea

ABSTRACT:   The purpose of the present paper was to examine the size relationship between the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea , the siphon of which is important prey for the juvenile flounder. Juvenile stone flounder feed mainly on tips of the inhalant siphon of the bivalve. The maximum width of siphon tips in the stomach contents of age-0 fish could not reach that of age-1 fish, although the siphons in age-0 fish became larger as they grew. This size discrepancy indicated a limitation in the size of bivalves available to juveniles. The proportion of total cropping frequency for the siphon of the bivalve by juveniles was estimated according to the bivalve size class. Most bivalves that had cropped siphon tips ranged from 5 to 30 mm in shell length. The total cropping frequency per bivalve was particularly intense on bivalves of 10–25 mm shell length in spite of their small proportion of 24.9% of the total. This frequency intensity indicated that the size of bivalves with cropped siphons by juvenile stone flounder might depend on the ability of juveniles rather than the size composition of the bivalves.     

猪胎盘效率用于选择产仔数的研究

测定了纯种大白猪胎盘效率(仔猪初生重与胎盘重的比率),采用动物模型和MTDFREML软件对469个体的胎盘性状进行了遗传统计分析,估计了胎盘性状的遗传力,根据胎盘效率高低(<5.0、5.0～8.0、>8.0)分成3组用于产仔数的选择试验。试验结果表明:胎盘效率具有较高遗传力0.46;高胎盘效率组的母猪初配日龄更早,比低胎盘效率组少22.2d;高胎盘效率组总产仔数和活产仔数都较高,分别为9.0和8.1头,而低胎盘效率组分别为7.9和6.9头,两者相差约1头仔猪;而且到第2胎仍然保持了这种趋势,高胎盘效率组的总产仔数和产活仔数为10.45和10.09头,而低胎盘效率组分别为9.50和8.87头。初步说明利用胎盘效率选择产仔数是有效的,胎盘效率可以作为选择产仔数的辅助性状。     

人工疏果对龙眼果实大小、内源激素和细胞壁成分的影响

在花后1个月内分2次对储良龙眼(Dimocarpus Longan Lour.cv.Chuliang）进行人工疏果处理（总疏果幅度50%左右）。结果表明,人工疏果可以促进果实的生长（与对照相比,横径和果实重量至采收分别增加了7.1%和22.5%）。果实中GA4 7和ZRs含量均表现为疏果处理大于对照,其差异在出现含量高峰时增大,而IAA含量也是疏果处理大于对照,但其差异主要出现在花后45d和花后100d。在整个果实发育期间,疏果处理与对照果皮中细胞壁成分变化的趋势基本相似,处理只是在后期才增加了果皮细胞壁中果胶,半纤维素和纤维素的含量,分别出现在花后90d后、60d和75d后,疏果处理对可溶性糖的含量无影响。根据试验结果推测：在果实发育前期,疏果处理显增加的内源细胞分裂素类水平,可能有利于促进细胞分裂和细胞数量;而在果实发育后期,增加的果皮细胞壁成分则为人工疏果促进果实生长（主要表现为细胞的膨大）提供了物质基础。     

Allometric estimation of above-ground biomass and leaf area in managed Grevillea robusta agroforestry systems

Non-destructive methods for determining the biomass and leaf area of individual trees throughout their growing cycle are an essential tool in agroforestry research, but must be capable of providing reliable estimates despite the influence that management strategies such as pruning may have on tree form. In the present study, allometric methods involving measurements of the diameter of all branches provided reliable estimates of canopy leaf area and biomass for grevillea trees (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.; Proteaceae) grown as poles, but proved unsuitable for routine measurements because of their time-consuming nature. An alternative, less laborious method based on measurements of trunk cross-sectional area immediately below the first branch of the canopy provided satisfactory allometric estimates of leaf area and canopy biomass. Trunk biomass was determined from measurements of tree height and diameter at breast height using established methodology based on the assumption that trunk volume may be calculated using a quadratic paraboloid model; biomass was determined as the product of trunk volume and the specific gravity of the wood. The theoretical basis, development and validation of allometric methods for estimating tree growth are discussed and their wider applicability to other agroforestry systems is assessed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of food competition and relative size of group members on growth of juvenile gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata

The effects of food competition and relative size of group members on growth of sea bream, Sparus aurata were tested in groups composed of four fish. Each group consisted of a medium sized test fish (approximately 250 mg) and three fish larger or smaller than the test fish. In the first experiment food competition was addressed directly by contrasting its presence with its absence. Neither food competition nor relative size of school members had a significant effect on growth. However, there was a highly significant interaction between these two main effects. Under conditions of food competition the medium sized test fish had a three times higher specific growth rate when surrounded by small vs large fish. Under conditions of no food competition when the test fish were separated during feeding a similar but reverse pattern occurred due to differences in food conversion efficiency. In the second experiment, the effects of food quantity and relative size of group members were tested. Both main effects and their interaction were highly significant. Under conditions of low food competition (i.e., surplus food supply) fish grew again better when surrounded by larger fish as compared to their growth rate when surrounded by smaller ones. Size matching via a differential growth rate in a schooling species such as sea bream was suggested to increase the confusion effect by reducing the ability of a predator to focus on an odd sized fish. The implications of direct competition for food for the efficient culture of this species are discussed.     

辽宁南部沿海山区暴雨型泥石流沉积物粒度分布模式研究

辽宁省南部沿海以老帽山为中心,分布于几十条沟谷中的泥石流沉积物是形成于中国东总沿海独特的自然地理环境之中,该区虽然属于温带季内区,但是由于地处沿海,受到相当强烈的海洋性气候的调节,夏季降水集中,且多暴雨,为泥石流的发生提供了激发条件,从泥石流的发生机制看,应属一种较为独特的暴雨型快速暂进性泥石流,从宏观沉积结构看泥石流沉积物表现为粗大颗粒的混杂堆积。通过对在野外大量采集的粒度样品的分析计算,引入粒     

不同品种或组合猪多产性研究

本文以 1 2个品种或组合猪为研究对象 ,收集了其 1胎、2胎及经产共 42 6 9窝产仔数和产活仔数的数据资料。纯种猪混合胎次窝产仔数以四川白猪Ⅰ系为最高 ,产仔数和产活仔数分别为 1 1 6 1头和 1 0 71头 ,本地猪、杜洛克猪和长白猪居中 ,分别为 1 0 86头和 1 0 0 6头、1 0 0 7头和 9 33头、9 85头和 9 2 6头 ,大白猪的产仔数和产活仔数最低 ,分别为 9 34头和 8 87头。二杂母猪的窝仔数以DL、DI、YI、DY较高 ,其产仔数和产活仔数分别为 1 1 4 9头和 1 0 80头、1 1 4 8头和 1 0 38头、1 1 36头和 1 0 4 5头、1 0 89头和 1 0 89头 ,YL、YB较低 ,分别为 1 0 2 7头和 9 6 5头、1 0 1 8头和 9 84头。二杂母猪产仔数和产活仔数的平均杂种优势率分别为 8 2 6 %和 9 4 1 % ,其中DL、DI、DY3个组合产仔数和产活仔数的平均杂种优势率分别为 1 1 1 4 %和 1 3 1 3% ,TI、YL、YB相应为 5 39%和 5 6 8%。     

秦川牛血红蛋白标记位点与体尺、体重的关系分析

对２２０头秦川牛血红蛋白位点与体尺,体重的关系分析表明：（１）在体高、十字部 胸深性状上,ＣＣ型的ＬＳＥ值明显高于ＡＣ型;（２）在胸宽、胸围、体长和体重性状上,ＢＢ型的ＬＳＥ值分别高于ＡＣ型;（３）确定血红蛋白位点Ｂ基因为秦川牛体尺、体重性状的优势基因。