基于视景仿真技术的联合收割机牵引及加载性能研究

随着农业机械化的不断发展,联合收割机的应用越来越普遍,大大地提高了农业生产效率。然而,在联合收割机使用中还存在一些驾驶员视域不开阔、可视环境差等不安全因素。针对这些问题,本文引入了视景仿真技术概念,通过构建基于视景仿真技术的联合收割机牵引及加载性能模型,对联合收割机的牵引及加载性能进行仿真分析。结果显示,将视景仿真技术应用与联合收割机,方便了驾驶员及时掌握实地信息,提高了牵引性能和加载性能,降低了驾驶危险系数。     

基于外碾削立式碾米机的离散元法仿真分析

引入离散元仿真技术对碾米机械进行仿真研究,旨在探索碾米机在碾白过程中的碎米机理。通过模拟大米在输送过程来获得速度、运动轨迹等数据,由图表等方式输出模拟结果,可以看到米粒群绕着碾辊做螺旋形前进的运动规律。该技术在粮食机械设计系统的研究中具有重要的推广意义,可为碾米机优化设计提供理论参考,也为其他农业物料精确定量分配提供了一种新的方法。     

梭锥管混浊流体分离装置倾角优化数值模拟研究

为了研究锥圈倾角和下锥管倾角对梭锥管内水沙分离效果的影响,在数值模拟计算结果与PIV测试结果一致基础之上,建立了5个不同锥圈倾角和7个不同下锥管倾角的梭锥管模型,采用层流方程和简化的多相流Mixture模型通过数值模拟计算了浑水含沙浓度为5kg/m3时各个梭锥管内部的泥沙浓度和速度场,详细对比分析了不同倾角下梭锥管内的速度场和浓度分布特性。结果表明,在上锥管结构尺寸、锥圈间距不变的条件下,锥圈倾角β与下锥管倾角γ相等且等于45°时,梭锥管水沙分离效果最好,在该角度下锥圈上表面泥沙滑动至排沙通道所需要的时间最短,梭锥管水沙分离效率最高。     

基于SD模型的长沙市水资源承载力研究

基于长沙市水资源现状,为平衡居民生活用水、经济生产用水和环境生态用水之间的关系,运用系统动力学方法,建立长沙市水资源-人口-经济-生态环境的耦合系统,模型模拟了现状延续型、经济发展型、节水治污型和综合协调型四种发展模式,选取GDP、人口数量、居民生活需水量、经济需水总量、供需压力作为主要评价指标。结果表明:第一、二、三产业分别保持10%、12%、12%年增长率且节流治污情况与现状延续型保持一致的方案,供需压力将达到节流治污方案的两倍多;经济生产用水对水资源供需压力的影响远大于居民生活用水和环境生态用水;通过适当降低人均用水量来平衡因人口数量增长而增加的居民生活用水是可行的。     

直通式调节阀内部流场分析

基于CFD对直通式调节阀内部流场进行了二维数值模拟,并得到了内部流动参数的可视化图形。对比25%和5%两种开度下,阀门处的压力,速度以及能量损失都存在很大的差异。25%开度下的压力、流速有明显的下降趋势,而5%开度下压力和速度则迅速变化。+两种开度下产生的涡流位置不同,5%开度下能量损失比25%开度下的要大。     

电压空间矢量脉宽调制的简单算法

在电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)控制技术原理的基础上,提出了一种简单快速算法,该算法只有普通的四则运算,计算变得非常简单,消除了常规的空间矢量控制算法中由于三角函数和无理数的近似计算而带来的计算误差及影响计算精度和速度的缺点,使结果更加准确。因而更适合应用于基于DSP 的数字化控制。理论分析和大量的MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法具有谐波含量低、直流电压利用率高的优点。     

基于HYDRUS-2D的地下滴灌下水分运移数值模拟研究

利用HYDRUS-2D软件模拟了地下滴灌条件下滴头周围黏壤土的土壤水分动态,并与田间观测进行对比;通过分析不同滴头流量对试验地土壤湿润模式的影响,明确了最佳灌水技术参数。结果表明,HYDRUS-2D软件模拟结果与观测值一致,体积含水率均方根误差为1.2%~4.5%,湿润范围均方根误差变化范围为2.1~3.87cm。     

The effects of transportation stress on Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) fed corn‐based diet in comparison with wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase

Harvesting, handling and transporting quails to the slaughterhouses, other farms and laboratories might covertly reduce their welfare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two major sources of energy in poultry nutrition on reducing transportation stress in Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). Male quails (n = 60) were divided into two groups. The first group was fed corn‐based diet, and the second was fed wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase. At the end of the experiment (day 35), quails were subjected to 80 km of transportation. Immediately on arrival and after 24 h, heterophil counts, lymphocyte counts and H:L ratios were measured. On arrival, H counts were lower, L counts were higher, and H:L ratios were lower for corn‐fed group. After 24 h, wheat‐fed group showed lower increment of H counts, greater increment of L counts and also decrement of H:L ratios rather than corn‐fed group which showed increment of H:L ratios. However, these ratios were still lower in corn‐fed group. Results indicate that corn‐based diets can help Japanese quail to better resist transportation stress, although it seems that feeding wheat‐based diets supplemented with xylanase and phytase could have positive effects for coping better with stress after journeys.     

昆虫病原线虫生物防控草地贪夜蛾的室内及田间效果和影响因素

联合国粮食及农业组织2018年向全球发布草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是重要的预警害虫。据报道,2019年我国已有26个省（区、市）的作物受到草地贪夜蛾为害。目前已经发现草地贪夜蛾幼虫对某些化学农药产生抗性的现象,为缓解其抗药性产生,具有主动寻找寄主害虫的昆虫病原线虫为草地贪夜蛾的生物防治提供了应用潜能。该文从昆虫病原线虫高效侵染种（品系）及其浓度、共生菌、草地贪夜蛾幼虫易感龄期、田间致死力及影响防控效果的因素等方面进行综述,以期为田间有效利用昆虫病原线虫防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考。     

Challenges and opportunities of unmanned aerial vehicles as a new tool for crop pest control

The application of pesticides is not simply delivering chemicals to the target area. It also involves considering the negative aspects and developing strategies to deal with them during the application process, to ensure the maximization of pesticides use efficiency and the maintenance of the ecosystem. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers demonstrate unique advantages compared to traditional ground sprayers, particularly in terms of maneuverability and labor intensity reduction, showed great potential for chemical application in pest control. It is undeniable that there exist challenges in the practice of UAV spraying, such as higher potential risks of pesticide drift or pathogen transmission, uncertainty canopy deposition for different crops, and unexpected leaf breakage induced by downwash flow. Maximizing the utilization of downwash flow while avoiding lateral air movement outside the intended target crop area is a major issue for chemical application with UAV sprayers, particularly in light of the increasingly apparent consensus on the need for enhanced environmental protection during the chemical application process. It must be considered that the operation strategy in different scenarios and for different crop targets is not the same, unique requirements should be given on nozzle atomization, flight parameters, adjuvants and aircraft types in specific working situations. In future, the implementation of spray drift prediction, technical procedures development, and other solutions aimed at reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition quality, is expected to promote the adoption of UAV sprayers by more farmers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.