受污染地下水可渗透反应墙修复技术研究

以垃圾渗滤液污染的地下水为研究对象,分别用铁粉、沸石和活性炭及其混合物为反应介质,设计了5种不同介质及配比的PRB反应器,进行了实验室模拟研究。结果表明,以铁粉和活性炭为介质的2种反应器,对COD的去除率分别平均达到89%和90%;以铁粉和沸石为介质的2种反应器,对氨氮的去除率都达到90%以上,在反应器中沸石含量相同的情况下,Fe0含量越高对氨氮的处理效果越好;活性炭与铁粉的比例较高的反应器,对氨氮的去除率也达到90%;以铁粉和活性炭为反应介质的反应器对总磷的去除率也达到85%以上。     

生物反应器填埋场系统中有机垃圾降解特性研究

针对渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场中存在着有机酸积累的问题，试验将产甲烷反应器作为渗滤液回灌前的预处理设施引入生物反应器填埋场，研究了其系统中有机垃圾的降解和产气规律。结果表明，在本模拟试验条件下，有机垃圾在填埋场、产甲烷反应器和生物反应器填埋场系统的总产气量分别为62.1、456和518.1 L，其中产甲烷反应器产气量占生物反应器填埋场系统产气量的88％以上。在产甲烷反应器中产气速率与有机物去除率成正比，回归系数为0.4614 L/g COD。基于生物反应器填埋场系统中有机物降解的特征，建立了其产气动力学模型。该模型可用来初步估算相关生物反应器填埋场系统中填埋垃圾稳定化所需时间及产气量，为系统填埋气的能源化利用提供理论依据。     

Pollution Control and Ecological Reclamation of MSW Dumping Sites

Dumping sites, which are still the main disposal facilities for municipal solid wastes (MSW) in China, have caused severe environmental pollution. It is urgent to upgrade or reclaim these dumping sites to reduce their environmental risks. In this paper, the management and technological aspects for pollution abatement to these dumping sites, as well as the latest practices were summarized and discussed.     

城市生活垃圾填埋场的环境问题及其治理研究

随着城市化进程的快速发展,生活垃圾填埋场的数量不断增加,垃圾填埋场产生的填埋气和渗滤液给周边生态环境带来了不同程度的污染。因此,城市生活垃圾填埋场的治理与恢复已成为生态环境保护的重要内容。该文介绍了我国生活垃圾填埋现状,分析了填埋气和渗滤液对生态环境的危害,并结合国内外研究现状提出了相关的防治对策,最后总结了我国生活垃圾填埋场治理与恢复的技术原则和发展趋势。     

垃圾填埋气体收集现场试验与工程设计参数确定

本文介绍了南京市水阁垃圾填埋场垃圾填埋气体收集现场静态试验和动态试验的方法.对现场试验数据进行了分析和整理,提出了工程设计参数.     

垃圾填埋场气体产量的预测

本文重点介绍了城市垃圾填埋场CH4产生模型的研究成果，并以此为基础，对今后20年我国垃圾填埋场CH4产生情况进行了预测，预测结果表明，随着垃圾产生量的增长，CH4排放量占我国温室气人本排放总量的分额将从2000年的3.83%，增加到2020年的7.19%，其对温室效应的贡献不可忽这高，对填埋场CH4的控制和利用已成为我国城市垃圾管理领域的重要课题。     

Simulation of the Effects of Water Migration on Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation Process in Landfill

By operating an anaerobic degradation experiment of municipal solid waste landfill, the effects of periodic leachate emission, rainfall infiltration and full leachate recirculation on biodegradation process in landfill were investigated. And the control measures of water migration in biogas resources landfill were discussed. The results show that: in the case of leachate emission, it is difficult to form the suitable environmental factors of Eh, pH and humidity for methanogens. Rainfall infiltration plays a faint adjective function on microbiology environment. Under the continuous erosion action of infiltration rainfall, cumulative net CODCr leaching load increases by 67.8%. Leachate recirculation causes its cumulative production and net COD Cr leaching load decreases by 70.9% and 88.5% respectively, which shows an obvious inhibited effect on microbial metabolism at 15±2℃. With the temperature increases to 35±2℃, methanogens-suitable environment forms rapidly, but it causes the rapid accumulation of NH4 +-N in leachate. The measures, such as reducing the infiltration volume, controlling recirculation temperature reasonably and dealing with nitrogen removal before recirculation, can significantly improve the harmless and resources level of landfill disposal.     

One-dimensional Steady-state Model for Gas Pressure Distribution in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Gas pressure distribution in landfills is of great importance to control hazards and improve recovery of landfill gas. An one-dimensional steady-state model and its solving approach are presented for gas pressure distribution in layered waste landfills. The model can be used to investigate the gas pressure distribution of the landfill with horizontal gas collection layers having specified pressure or flux. The influences of layered properties, horizontal permeable layer under final cover and horizontal gas collection layers and bottom leachate drainage systems dually serving as gas collection layers on gas pressure distribution are investigated. The results of parameter analyses using the presented model show that the assumption that homogenizations of gas generation rate and gas permeability through a landfill considerably overestimate gas pressure in landfill; horizontal permeable layer under final cover and horizontal gas collection layers can effectively reduce gas pressure in landfills; the bottom leachate drainage systems dually serving as gas collection layers can significantly reduce the gas pressure in the lower portion of landfills. The presented model provides a useful tool in the designing of landfill gas collection systems, such as, the positions and spacing of horizontal gas collection layers and pump section.     

贵阳市高雁城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场几种植物的重金属富集特征

为了解城市生活垃圾填埋场植物的重金属积累效应,对贵阳市高雁城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场几种植物的重金属富集特征进行了研究。结果表明：生长在该垃圾填埋场的商陆(Pokeberry root)、尾穗苋(Amaranthus caudatus)、青蒿(Sweet wormwood Herb)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)等5种植物的Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni平均含量分别为1.31 mg/kg、17.59 mg/kg、78.52 mg/kg、8.97 mg/kg。重金属元素在填埋场土壤-植物系统中迁移的难易顺序为：Ni＞Zn＞Cd＞Pb,其中,喜旱莲子草对 Cd和Zn 的富集程度最大,富集能力最强的部位分别在根部和茎部;尾穗苋对Pb的富集程度最大,富集能力最强的部位在叶部,而对Ni富集程度最大的是商陆的茎部。植物相同部位不同种间和同种植物不同器官间各重金属元素的积累效应均存在差异,但除Cd在种间差异显著外,均无显著性差异(P≤0.05)。     

生物质炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效果的研究

为了寻找经济、有效的氨氮吸附材料,为物化处理技术在垃圾渗滤液上的运用提供一些实际参考的选择,以生物质炭（木炭）作为吸附材料进行吸附试验,研究木炭投加量、渗滤液初始pH值、吸附时间、氨氮浓度4个因数变化的条件下,木炭对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率及其吸附动力学特征。结果表明：随着木炭用量的增加,木炭对氨氮的吸附量逐渐增大,木炭投加量为80~160 g/L时,渗滤液中氨氮的去除率达34.27%~39.41%。在最佳pH 10和最佳吸附时间240 min条件下,木炭对渗滤液中氨氮的去除率分别为24.21%、16.91%。木炭对垃圾渗滤液的氨氮有一定的去除效果,其吸附动力学特征符合伪二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程。