茂名大放鸡海域文昌鱼分布与种群特性研究

研究表明茂名大放鸡海域的文昌鱼主要分布在东经111°10′～111°17′,北纬21°19′～21°27′区域,分布面积达195．5km2,平均资源密度为51～86尾／m2,最高达到815尾／m2,文昌鱼分布密度中心概位在小放鸡西至西北侧附近;体长结构具明显的季节变动,秋冬季节是文昌鱼的主要补充季节;性腺成熟度和性别比例在不同季节和生长阶段具有明显的差异,春季性成熟个体占的比重最高达65％;随着体长的增加文昌鱼性腺成熟度也渐次增加,体长与性腺成熟度比例成三次曲面关系;其性比随着体长增长发生明显变化,体长为35～60mm时雌雄个体性比接近1,体长大干60mm时雌性个体数量明显小于雄性;文昌鱼全年的体长体重关系方程为W=0．0012L3.32;当体长达到50mm后文昌鱼资源群体尾数减少系数为0．55／cm。     

海堤边坡几种树种适宜性评价

为了给海堤绿化及沿海防护林的营建提供科学依据,通过对海堤边坡水分、盐分以及大气等立地因子的综合研究分析,结合海堤边坡造林试验,对杂交柳、紫穗槐、黄金条、刺槐、楝树、铅笔柏6个树种的生长适宜性作出了评价,研究结果表明:(1)海堤边坡土壤属于中度到强度盐渍化土且土壤含水率季节变化大,其中海雾、海风也是海堤立地条件中非常重要...     

Sedimentary characterization of Tagus estuarine beaches (Portugal)

Background, Aim and Scope  The distribution of sediments in estuarine beaches is controlled by the interactions between sediment supply, hydrodynamic processes and human intervention. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the sediments of Tagus estuarine beaches in order to understand their origin and to contribute to a better knowledge of the Tagus estuary sediment budget. Methods  Surface sediment samples were collected across beach profiles and sand grain size analysis was performed by dry sieving. Grain size statistics for the median (d₅₀) and standard deviation (SDM) were obtained using the Moment method. This study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the sediment composition. Cross-shore topographic surveys were conducted for selected sampling sites. Results  Tagus estuarine beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz sand particles which are fine-grained and well sorted near the mouth of the estuary and medium to coarse-grained and moderately sorted in the inner domain. Compositional results show evidence of active anthropogenic sediment sources, especially in the coarser fractions. Discussion  The analysis of the textural and compositional characteristics of beach sediments in the inner estuarine domain is compatible with local sedimentary sources, while a marine signature is present at the mouth and inlet channel sediments. In the inner domain, differences in the sedimentary processes are represented by the textural characteristics of the sediments, such as the sorting degree and the gravel content. Sediment characteristics also reflect human intervention in the system, with the introduction of anthropogenic and allochthonous particles and the mixture of sediments from different sources. Conclusions  The sediments of the inner Tagus estuarine beaches are derived from local Plio-Pleistocene outcrops while inlet and outer estuary beaches reveal a dominant marine source. Beach textural variability observed in the inner domain is not related to wave forcing gradients, but mainly to variations in the sedimentary processes along the estuarine margins and to human intervention. Results show that the Tagus estuarine beaches depended, almost exclusively, on sediment input from local sources until the last century. With increasing human occupation, sediment transfers became dominated by anthropogenically related activities mainly connected with the occupation of estuarine margins and dredging. Recommendations and Perspectives  Further studies should extend the present level of knowledge in what concerns sand transport patterns through additional compositional and geochemical analysis, and the development of new techniques in order to allow the quantitative evaluation of the impact of human activities on the sediment budget.     

沙棘果皮粉的制备工艺及功效成分分析

利用榨取沙棘果汁后的新鲜果渣,研究了分离制取纯净沙棘果皮的工艺,分析了沙棘果皮中的常规营养素成分,并对加工后的沙棘果皮的微生物和重金属指标进行了检测。结果证明,沙棘果皮含有丰富的营养成分,具有很强的抗氧化性,经过科学、合理的工艺加工后,可以成为优良的中老年功能食品辅料。     

沙棘嫩枝扦插育苗技术的研究

在河北省涿鹿县大堡乡苗圃,利用电子叶自动间歇喷雾装置和荫棚下全封闭式塑料小拱棚设备,用3年的时间(1986～1988年)进行了沙棘嫩枝扦插容器育苗技术的研究。经过6批育苗试验,对影响沙棘嫩枝扦插育苗的因子进行研究和分析,控出了影响插穗生根及根系发育的主要因子及其最佳组合。其中,6～8月间剪取当年生半木质化、具顶芽、长7～12cm的插穗,其基部用500ppm浓度的萘乙酸溶液速蘸处理,在基质配比河砂:锯末:沙棘林下土为12:3:1或10:7:0条件下,插穗平均生根率为85％以上,最高可达98％,经苗圃培育,第二年秋季可达出圃标准。     

再生水灌溉对绿地土壤及植物影响的研究

我国北方城市缺水问题严重,开发利用再生水用于灌溉是缓解水资源短缺的重要途径,开展再生水灌溉绿地的研究工作,有助于拓宽再生水利用范围,为再生水在绿地灌溉中的推广应用提供依据和指导.该文通过对北京北小河污水处理厂内绿地的实地调查,开展再生水灌溉绿地生态系统的研究,对再生水水质、土壤理化性质、植物生长等进行了系统的研究.结果表明:由于长期灌溉,二级处理水灌溉对绿地土壤和部分植物有一定的影响,可能会影响植物的正常生长,需提高污水处理程度,以使水质适用于绿地灌溉.     

草坪生物过滤与再生水回用技术

再生水已经被去除了主要的污染物,但是仍然含有微量盐类(盐)、重金属(比如锌和钙)和微生物,而城市草坪是有效处理这些残留物的污水再过滤系统.草坪生物过滤是污水处理最好的过滤系统之一,亦是处理污水环境友好性最高的方式.再生水灌溉后回用不仅能充分利用水资源和草坪资源,而且可以通过草坪生物过滤与土壤含水层处理,去除污染物,提供优质中水.     

海气耦合随机模式的CO_2温室效应的研究

从海－气相互作用的角度出发，研究了ＣＯ_２温室效应对海温距平的影响；建立了非线性海－气耦合随机模式及绝热条件下的朗之万动力学方程和福克－普朗克方程，并给出了方程组的解析解为高斯分布，在稳态情况下为布朗运动，得到了在ＣＯ_２加倍时海温距平平均值增温为１．８１℃，与当前研究ＣＯ_２对大气温度影响的结果一致。     

再生水灌溉对草坪土壤微生物的影响

该研究通过对北京北小河污水处理厂和高碑店污水处理厂实地调查和小区试验,来评估检验再生水灌溉对城市草坪土壤微生物的影响.长期再生水灌溉的调查表明,自来水灌溉、二级水和一般三级水灌溉对草坪土壤的细菌总数、放线菌总数和真菌总数都没有显著影响.短期试验结果表明,反渗透和超滤灌溉能显著增加草坪土壤的细菌总数,微滤灌溉能显著增加草坪土壤的放线菌总数,但都对草坪土壤真菌总数没有显著影响.土壤细菌总数的岭回归方程表明,土壤总N(TN)和硫化物有利于细菌总数的提高,但是土壤盐分(EC),Cd、Cr,氯化物,NH4+、NO2-、NO3-等与土壤细菌总数呈负相关关系.     

大果沙棘硬枝扦插育苗及造林试验研究

为了完善和推广我省大果沙棘快繁育苗及造林技术,进行了硬枝扦插及造林试验研究,结果表明,采用50mg/kg吲哚乙酸、生根粉1号、生根粉6号处理插穗,对插穗生根均有较好的效果,采用2a生本质化枝条,在日光温室细绵沙苗床扦插,生根率可达90%以上;春季起苗造林、秋季起苗沙藏春季造林,大果沙棘苗成活率和生长量最高。