脑星形细胞瘤CT增强扫描的特征及分型对鉴别其恶性程度的价值

目的：观察脑星形细胞瘤CT增强扫描特征与其恶性程度的关系,研究CT对星形细胞瘤诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。方法：对117例经病理证实的脑星形细胞瘤CT增强扫描特征进行对照研究。结果：CT增强扫描肿瘤强化的形态分6型：(1)囊性伴壁结节型。占20％;(2)假囊伴壁结节型,占14％;(3)实质型,占9％;(4)环型,占16％;(5)多环型,占15％;(6)混杂型。占26％。囊性伴壁结节型及实质型为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤,两者约各占50％;多环型为Ⅱ-Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤,假囊伴壁结节型、环型及混杂型绝大部分为Ⅱ-Ⅳ级星型细胞瘤．分别占92．9％、81．3％、92．3％,其余为Ⅰ级星形细胞瘤。结论：根据CT增强扫描肿瘤强化的特征,对诊断和鉴别星形细胞瘤良恶性有一定的价值。     

Functional and structural assessment of retinal sheet allograft transplantation in feline hereditary retinal degeneration

Purpose  To investigate whether sheets of fetal retinal allografts can integrate into the dystrophic Abyssinian cat retina with progressive rod cone degeneration.
Methods  Fetal retinal sheets (cat gestational day 42), incubated with BDNF microspheres, were transplanted to the subretinal space of four cats at an early disease stage. Cats were studied by fundus examinations, bilateral full-field flash ERGs, and indocyanine green and fluorescein angiograms up to 4 months following surgery. E42 donor and transplanted eyes were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry for retinal markers.
Results  Funduscopy and angiography showed good integration of the transplants in two of four cats, including extension of host blood vessels into the transplant and some scarring in the host. In these two, transplants were found in the subretinal space with laminated areas, with photoreceptor outer segments in normal contacts with the host retinal pigment epithelium. In some areas, transplants appeared to be well-integrated within the host neural retina. Neither of these two cats showed functional improvement in ERGs. In the other two cats, only remnants of donor tissue were left. Transplants stained for all investigated cellular markers. No PKC immunoreactivity was detected in the fetal donor retina at E42, but developed in the 4-month-old grafts.
Conclusions  Fetal sheet transplants can integrate well within a degenerating cat retina and develop good lamination of photoreceptors. Functional improvement was not demonstrated by ERG in cats with well-laminated grafts. Transplants need to be further evaluated in cat host retinas with a more advanced retinal degeneration using longer follow-up times.     

绿翅绢野螟幼虫头部感器超微结构观察

为探讨和分析绿翅绢野螟Diaphania angustalis(Snellen)幼虫头部感器的功能及其作用机制,通过扫描电镜对其触角和口器上的感器进行了观察。结果表明:绿翅绢野螟幼虫头式为下口式,头部具有触角、上唇、上颚、下颚和下唇。触角短小,位于幼虫头部侧下方,分3节,其梗节和鞭节分布有4种类型的感器,即毛形感器、短毛感器、锥形感器和栓锥形感器。口器分为上唇、上颚、下颚和下唇4个部分,共具有6种类型感器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、指形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器和小感觉锥。刺形感器数量较多,分布范围广,口器上各部位均有分布;毛形感器仅分布于上唇;指形感器仅分布于内唇;锥形感器仅分布于下颚;栓锥形感器在下颚和下唇皆有分布;指形感器为内唇所特有。     

Comparison of field sampling methods for assessing coarse woody debris and use of airborne laser scanning as auxiliary information

Coarse woody debris (CWD) has been recognized as one of the strongest indicators of forest biodiversity and its assessment has been emphasized in the development of new inventory methods. In this study, the most commonly referenced probability sampling methods were tested in a field area of 305.8 ha to gain comparative information on their performance and efficiency. Simple random sampling (SRS), systematic sampling and cluster sampling with fixed sized circular sample plots were tested, as well as strip sampling, transect relascope sampling and adaptive cluster sampling (ACS). Point relascope sampling and line intersect sampling were also tested for inventories of downed dead wood volumes. In addition, the amount of standing dead wood was assessed by means of traditional small angle relascope sampling. In general, the use of additional information in the inventory process has shown promising results. A new method for using data derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) as a source of auxiliary information in the assessment of CWD volumes is presented, using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling for the selection of the first-stage sample units in ACS (ACS_PPS) and for the placement of fixed sized plots (PLOT_PPS). The sampling methods were compared in terms of the cost-effectiveness. Point relascope sampling proved the most efficient sampling method for inventorying CWD volumes. PLOT_PPS and ACS_PPS were more efficient than the inventory of fixed sized plots (PLOT_SRS) and ACS (ACS_SRS) where sample units were selected with SRS. However, these methods could not achieve the same efficiency as relascope samplings. Nevertheless, the use of probability layers derived from ALS data gave promising results and offers new possibilities for inventorying CWD volumes more efficiently.     

利用三维激光扫描系统测量立木材积的方法

介绍三维激光扫描系统的组成及工作原理,并采用该方法对立木进行扫描,测量立木材积。与伐倒木实测数据进行对比,可以看出扫描数据完全能满足林业测量的精度要求,其扫描获得的立木材积数据完全可以替代传统方法测算的立木材积数据,使用立木模型建立材积表不再需要实地大量伐木,节省大量人力、物力及财力。应用三维激光扫描技术进行立木材积测定能较好的避免传统测定方法的不足,在未来的林业数字化测量中有广阔的应用前景。     

云南木蠹象触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对云南木蠹象雌雄成虫触角上的感器进行观察和研究.结果表明:云南木蠹象成虫触角膝状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其中鞭节由7个亚节组成.在雌、雄成虫触角上均存在6种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、脚形感器、芽形感器、端指形感器和腔形感器,其中毛形感器和端指形感器的数量较多;此外,雌成虫触角还有双芽形感器,雄成虫触角上还有耳形感器.与端指形感器、脚形感器、双芽形感器结构相同的感器在鞘翅目已有的研究资料中还未见报道.是新发现的昆虫触角感器.对云南木蠹象触角不同种类感器的形态、分布以及雌雄间触角感器的分布和数量差异进行描述.     

微波干燥与常规干燥中木材内含水率动态分布

以黑胡桃木材为对象,采用X射线扫描含水率分布测试方法,分析、比较了微波干燥与常规热风干燥过程中木材内部含水率动态分布规律.结果表明:在微波干燥和常规热风干燥过程中,木材内层含水率均高于表层,存在着整体性的内高外低的含水率梯度场;在接个微波干燥过程中,木材内部虽然出现了部分内层含水率低于外层的情况,存在着含水率分布的局部不均匀,但并未出现与常规热风干燥相反的含水率梯度;在微波干燥中,木材内部各层与表层含水率的差值随着干燥时间的延长逐渐降低.随着干燥过程的进行,常规热风干燥中木材芯层与表层含水率差呈现出先增加后减小的变化趋势.     

粮仓温度巡检系统的设计与实现

针对粮仓特点,设计了基于RS485总线的集散式温度巡检系统．该系统以数字式单总线温度传感器DS18820为核心,采用C8051F005单片机作为变送器控制核心,实现DS18820温度数据的采集与总线控制．系统在电路板设计、布线、总线接口等方面采取了抗干扰措施,有效地避免了由于干扰信号、雷电等因素造成系统损坏的可能,提高了系统的可靠性．控制室计算机与各温度节点采用主从工作方式,由控制室计算机实现对各温度节点信息的采集、显示与存储．系统长期工作表明：利用RS485总线实现的集散式温度巡检系统,可靠性高,方便与现有其他工业现场RS485总线连接,扩大了应用范围．     

中国华南地区稻纵卷叶螟迁飞的一次雷达观测

【目的】研究稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée）在华南地区的迁飞行为参数,为其早期预警及有效防控提供依据。【方法】利用毫米波扫描昆虫雷达及相关辅助设备对中国华南地区稻纵卷叶螟的空中飞行参数进行研究,并运用HYSPLIT平台对监测到的迁出种群进行迁飞轨迹分析。【结果】在中国华南地区,稻纵卷叶螟在日落后起飞,20：00左右达到起飞高峰,起飞可持续1 h左右;稻纵卷叶螟迁飞高度主要在1 000 m以下,具有聚集成层现象,可形成2-3层,100-300、400-500 m成层密度较大。成层现象与局部风速极值有关,与风向关系不大,但最大密度并不总是出现在最大风速处。轨迹分析显示,此次从兴安迁出的稻纵卷叶螟蛾经过3次再迁飞,可到达广西河池地区继续繁殖危害,而到达贵州遵义、黔南地区的虫群由于缺乏食物来源无法生存。【结论】稻纵卷叶螟在华南地区的迁飞行为参数与华东地区有所不同。     

地基激光雷达在森林参数反演中的应用

近年来地基激光雷达(TLS)得到了快速发展, 它能够快速地获取高精度、高密度的3D点云数据, 可以应用到工程设计、林业、农业、矿产、交通、城市规划和遗产记录等领域。在森林参数的定量测量应用上, 利用TLS测量森林参数如树高、胸径、密度和蓄积量等, 不仅节省人力, 还提高了工作效率, 现在已经成为一种快速获取树木几何参数的有效方法。文中主要介绍地基激光雷达遥感的工作原理、数据处理过程和方法、在林业中的应用现状、利用TLS数据反演森林参数(位置、胸径、树高、蓄积量、树干和郁闭度等)的方法和研究进展, 同时对地基激光雷达在林业中的应用前景进行了分析和展望。