自动采棉机表面几何特性与数控加工技术分析

为进一步提高自动采棉机各部件加工与装配精度,实现采棉机作业效率与作业寿命的提升,以自动采棉机的组成结构及作业原理为基础,针对表面几何特性与数控加工技术进行分析。依据自动采摘机实际作业过程中出现的摘锭磨损等故障,给出自动采棉机零部件的数控加工工序模型,运用UG软件三维建模同时进行层次化的加工工艺流程设计及走刀算法优化。以自动采棉机核心部件数控加工系统结构为基准,给定准确的数控代码与加工控制信息,经余量优化误差补偿完成一次加工设计,在特定的虚拟加工环境下进行数控加工仿真试验,结果表明:融入了多规则加工技术核心算法,该型采棉机核心部件的加工误差整体得到降低,且平均提升效果达81.76%,其中锥面长度的加工误差提升效果最好,可达84.42%。该试验分析可为自动采棉机的整机发展提供一定优化思路,具有很好的推广意义。     

坚果壳仁分离的研究现状与分析

坚果破壳取仁是坚果深加工的基础,是提高坚果附加值的重要途径,壳仁分离是坚果破壳取仁的重要工序,是提高坚果壳仁分净率和降低损失率所面临的一个重要技术难题。为此,简要介绍了国内外坚果壳仁分离的现状,重点从壳仁分离技术、壳仁混合物空气动力学特性及壳仁分离机械三方面进行了详细阐释,分析了坚果壳仁分离加工中存在的不足,指出今后坚果壳仁分离的发展方向,旨在为坚果壳仁分离术及分离设备的开发研究提供参考。     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them biologically. Single-factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) analyses were used to explore the optimum conditions for the growth and fermentation of a strain. Screening of bacterial strains from the soil where feathers were piled for a long time was performed, and 12 keratinolytic bacterial strains were isolated. One of these isolates, CH-7, was found to be the most effective feather-degrading strain, which was identified as Lactococcus lactis KU568489.1. The growth situation of feather keratin degrading bacterium analysis results showed that the best degradation effect of CH-7 was found in oxygen, inoculation 5％, initial pH=6.5, fermentation temperature 30℃, speed 220 r ? min-1 and fermentation time 36 h, and CH-7 had the highest degradation rate of feather keratin. The optimization analysis of RSM showed that there was more significances of the three factors, 32℃, pH 6.3 and amount of inoculum at 5.7％ on the degradation of feather keratin. Based on the above results, the feather degrading bacterium, Lactococcus lactis CH-7, was obtained by screening, 30℃ and pH 5.5-6.5 were the best growth conditions. The oxygen, the amount of inoculum 5.7％, the fermentation temperature, 32℃, pH 6.3 and the rotational speed 220 r ? min-1 were the best fermentation conditions. Under these conditions, 38.48％ degradation rate was obtained after 36 h fermentation, which demonstrated the strain CH-7 was potential to the fermented feather meal for feed.     

基于注意力机制的小样本啤酒花病虫害识别

为提高啤酒花产业的品质和产量,针对于传统人工识别鉴定难度大,效率低和客观性不够,以及啤酒花病虫害识别无大型公开数据集等问题。本文提出一种基于软注意力机制的小样本啤酒花病虫害识别方法,对传统深度残差网络ResNet模型进行改进,并使用图像增强技术-直方图均衡化处理图片得到新的数据集。实验结果表明,在小样本情况下,相比于传统的模型,改进过后的模型A-ResNet50和A-ResNet101都能准确识别不同类型的病虫害图像,在测试集上的准确率为93.27%和93.11%,Kappa指数达到了0.9027和0.8996,证实了A-ResNet50和A-ResNet101模型在啤酒花病虫害识别上的可行性以及可靠性。本文提出的方法识别精度高,实现了啤酒花病虫害的智能识别,同时也对小样本数据集的高精度识别提供了一种途径。     

红毛藻中多组分藻胆蛋白及其亚基的分离

采用DEAE-52离子交换柱对红毛藻(Bangia fusco-purpurea Lyngb.)中的藻胆蛋白进行分离，依次洗脱出蓝色、紫色、深红色、红色和浅红色等几种组分的藻胆蛋白；经光谱分析发现蓝色组分为R-藻蓝蛋白，紫色组分为1种三峰型的藻胆蛋白，深红色组分和红色组分为2种不同但又非常相似的藻红蛋白，其中深红色组分可能与某些色素物质结合较为紧密，而最后洗脱出的浅红色组分则为变性的藻红蛋白。尿素洗脱结果表明，蓝色组分的R-藻蓝蛋白是由2种双峰型的亚基构成。本研究旨为揭示藻胆蛋白的能量传递机制提供理论和技术依据。     

Evaluation of different approaches to individual tree growth and survival modelling using data collected at irregular intervals - a case study for Pinus patula in Kenya

Background： The minimum set of sub-models for simulating stand dynamics on an individual-tree basis consists of tree-level models for diameter increment and survival. Ingrowth model is a necessary third component in uneven-aged management. The development of this type of model set needs data from permanent plots, in which all trees have been numbered and measured at regular intervals for diameter and survival. New trees passing the ingrowth limit should also be numbered and measured. Unfortunately, few datasets meet all these requirements. The trees may not have numbers or the length of the measurement interval varies. Ingrowth trees may not have been measured, or the number tags may have disappeared causing errors in tree identification. Methods： This article discussed and demonstrated the use of an optimization-based approach to individual-tree growth modelling, which makes it possible to utilize data sets having one or several of the above deficiencies. The idea is to estimate all parameters of the sub-models of a growth simulator simultaneously in such a way that, when simulation begins from the diameter distribution at the first measurement occasion, it yields a similar ending diameter distribution as measured in the second measurement occasion. The method was applied to Pinus patula permanent sample plot data from Kenya. In this dataset, trees were correctly numbered and identified but measurement interval varied from 1 to 13 years. Two simple regression approaches were used and compared to the optimization-based model recovery approach. Results： The optimization-based approach resulted in far more accurate simulations of stand basal area and number of surviving trees than the equations fitted through regression analysis. Conclusions： The optimization-based modelling approach can be recommended for growth modelling when the modelling data have been collected at irregular measurement intervals.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化油茶壳中多酚类化合物的研究

以油茶壳为原料,采用大孔吸附树脂对油茶壳中多酚的分离纯化工艺条件进行了研究。考察了6种大孔吸附树脂对油茶壳中多酚类化合物的吸附分离性能,确定大孔树脂分离油茶壳中多酚类化合物的工艺条件。结果表明,AB-8树脂对油茶壳中多酚具有良好的吸附分离性能,其工艺条件为:质量浓度为3.78mg/mL,pH值3.7,油茶壳原料液以3BV/h的流速上柱吸附,再用6倍树脂体积的80%乙醇以3 BV/h的流速解吸,产品中多酚含量达61.3%,回收率为77.64%,样品得率为2.95%。     

Efficiency of presence-absence sampling used to estimate the mean abundance of fish eggs

ABSTRACT:   Statistical properties of estimators relating to the mean abundance of fish eggs were investigated using the data from the presence-absence sampling (PAS) and counting sampling (CS). PAS, which focuses on the presence-absence of eggs in a sample, is more cost-effective yet is unlikely to give more precise estimates than CS, which counts the number of eggs. But when limitations are given on the sampling cost and number of sampling stations, PAS may have advantages. This study shows that the mean square error (MSE) of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) based on PAS may become smaller than the MSE of the MLE based on counting data when the number of observations for PAS becomes larger. The observation number for PAS is determined, which minimizes the MSE of a combined estimator from the two MLE under a restriction of the total cost of observation. A dual problem is also solved. It is shown that MSE of the MLE in PAS is a monotone increasing function of the oversight probability. PAS becomes more informative as the distribution of the number of eggs is more aggregated.